Table 3.
Time trade-off (TTO) utility scores
| Health states | General population (GP) sample | Migraine patient sample | Comparison of utilities between GP and migraine samples | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Meana (SD) | N | Meana (SD) | t | p value | |
| Group 1: Migraine without aura | ||||||
| A. Migraine without aura treated with 1 injection per month | 200 | 0.78 (0.22) | 200 | 0.82 (0.23) | − 1.50 | 0.13 |
| B. Migraine without aura treated with 31–39 injections per month | 200 | 0.72 (0.23) | 200 | 0.75 (0.28) | − 0.96 | 0.34 |
| C. Migraine without aura treated with orals | 200 | 0.79 (0.22) | 200 | 0.83 (0.22) | − 1.38 | 0.17 |
| Group 2: Migraine with aura | ||||||
| D. Migraine with aura treated with 1 injection per month | 200 | 0.76 (0.23) | 200 | 0.79 (0.25) | − 1.30 | 0.19 |
| E. Migraine with aura treated with 31–39 injections per 3 months | 200 | 0.69 (0.25) | 200 | 0.73 (0.29) | − 1.46 | 0.15 |
| F. Migraine with aura treated with orals | 200 | 0.77 (0.23) | 200 | 0.80 (0.23) | − 1.38 | 0.17 |
| Group 3: Adverse events associated with 1 injection per month (added to health state A) | ||||||
| G. Injection site pain | 106 | 0.77 (0.26) | 109 | 0.80 (0.25) | − 0.97 | 0.33 |
| H. Respiratory tract infectionb | 108 | 0.77 (0.25) | 107 | 0.79 (0.26) | − 0.63 | 0.53 |
| I. Pruritus | 105 | 0.77 (0.26) | 105 | 0.80 (0.25) | − 0.91 | 0.36 |
| Group 4: Adverse events associated with 31–39 injections per 3 months (added to health state B) | ||||||
| J. Neck stiffness and pain | 105 | 0.67 (0.28) | 106 | 0.70 (0.33) | − 0.55 | 0.58 |
| K. Eyelids/eyebrow drooping | 106 | 0.71 (0.21) | 106 | 0.69 (0.34) | 0.54 | 0.59 |
| L. Muscle weakness | 107 | 0.68 (0.22) | 103 | 0.70 (0.34) | − 0.50 | 0.62 |
| Group 5: Adverse events associated with oral medicationsc (added to health state C) | ||||||
| M. Fatigue | 103 | 0.73 (0.24) | 104 | 0.77 (0.25) | − 1.29 | 0.20 |
| N. Exercise intolerance | 105 | 0.74 (0.23) | 105 | 0.80 (0.24) | − 1.85 | 0.07 |
| O. Dizziness | 107 | 0.79 (0.18) | 106 | 0.81 (0.20) | − 0.97 | 0.33 |
| P. Insomnia | 106 | 0.76 (0.20) | 104 | 0.78 (0.20) | − 0.76 | 0.45 |
| Q. Paresthesia | 106 | 0.79 (0.19) | 104 | 0.83 (0.20) | − 1.53 | 0.13 |
| R. Brain fog | 104 | 0.68 (0.28) | 106 | 0.72 (0.30) | − 0.94 | 0.35 |
| S. Drowsiness | 104 | 0.75 (0.26) | 106 | 0.82 (0.13) | − 2.54 | 0.01 |
| T. Dry mouth | 106 | 0.78 (0.25) | 106 | 0.81 (0.25) | − 0.85 | 0.40 |
| U. Constipation | 106 | 0.78 (0.24) | 106 | 0.78 (0.31) | 0.04 | 0.97 |
aTTO scores are on a scale anchored with 0 representing dead and 1 representing full health
bRespiratory tract infection has been reported in trials across all classes of medications in this table as well as in placebo comparator groups. It is included in the Group 3 health states here because it was added to health state A for the assessment of disutility, but it is similarly relevant to all these medication classes
cOral medications including beta blockers (e.g., propranolol), tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline), and antiepileptic treatments (e.g., topiramate)