Figure 3.

Plasma trace elements of renal replacement therapy (RRT). Plasma was sampled before (base), during (mid), at the end (end) and 1 to 2 hours after (post) each RRT session for measurement of trace elements by inductively coupled plasma−mass spectrometry. Data (mean ± SE) for each spot-sampled trace element in plasma are presented after correction (i.e., included as a covariate) for dose-of-dialysis (plasma urea reduction ratio). If necessary, to normalize residual error before statistical analysis, data were log₁₀ transformed. Statistical analysis was by repeated-measures analysis of variance or mixed-effect models, as appropriate, with RRT mode and time as fixed effects and patient ID as a nested random effect, using Genstat v18 (VSNi, Rothampsted, UK). Statistical significance was accepted at P ≤ 0.002 (adjusted for the number of comparisons). (a) The sum of all measurable trace elements greater than the limit of quantification (Cs, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Rb, Se, Sr, V, Zn). (b–f) Individual elements of a priori interest that exhibit differences between modalities (b–d, Se, Zn, and Cu), or an effect of time (i.e., [e] decreases Fe and [f] increases Cr). CVVH, continuous veno-venous hemofiltration; IHD, intermittent hemodialysis; SLEDf, sustained low-efficiency diafiltration.