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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Environ Health Rep. 2019 Sep;6(3):73–79. doi: 10.1007/s40572-019-00233-9

Figure 1. Schematic representation of toxicant-induced exosomal release and the role of exosomes as mediators of toxicity.

Figure 1

Exposure to toxicants including heavy metals, pesticides, ionizing radiations, cigarette smoke, and other toxic chemicals can induce the alteration of exosomal content, such as miRNA, mRNA, and misfolded proteins. These toxicants are also capable of influencing the exosomal release, which leads to altered gene expression, carcinogenesis and ultimately influencing various disease conditions.