Table 1.
Characteristics of the study sample and their association with diabetes knowledge (N=218)
| Parameter | n (%); median (IQR) | DKQ sum score median (IQR) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 0.04a | ||
| Male | 112 (51.4) | 14 (11.25–17) | |
| Female | 106 (48.6) | 13 (10–16) | |
| Age (years) | 52 (45–60) | 0.92b | |
| 30–45 years | 65 (29.8) | 14 (11–16) | |
| >45–60 years | 102 (48.8) | 14 (10–17) | |
| >60 years | 51 (23.4) | 19 (11–17) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.53 (24.99–32.32) | 0.51b | |
| Underweight (<18.5) | 3 (1.4) | 10 (9–10) | |
| Normal (18.5–<25) | 51 (22.9) | 13 (10–16) | |
| Overweight (25–<30) | 85 (38.5) | 14 (11–17) | |
| Obese (≥30) | 79 (37.2) | 13 (11–17) | |
| Smoking | 0.66a | ||
| No | 205 (94.5) | 14 (10.5–17) | |
| Yes | 13 (5.5) | 13 (10–15) | |
| Education | 0.004b | ||
| No formal education | 48 (22) | 13 (10–15) | |
| Primary level | 37 (17) | 13 (9.5–17) | |
| Secondary level | 88 (40.4) | 14 (11–17) | |
| University level | 45 (20.6) | 15 (12–19) | |
| Family history of diabetes | 0.03b | ||
| First degree relatives | 129 (59.2) | 13 (10–17) | |
| Second degree relatives | 3 (1.4) | 10 (9–10) | |
| Both first and second degree relatives | 17 (7.8) | 17 (13.5–19) | |
| No history | 69 (31.7) | 14 (11–16) | |
| Working status | 0.02b | ||
| Jobless | 8 (3.7) | 13 (10–15.25) | |
| Housewives/stay at home | 104 (47.7) | 13 (10 −16) | |
| Business | 33 (15.2) | 13 (11–16) | |
| Doing Job | 59 (27.1) | 15 (12–18) | |
| Retired | 14 (6.4) | 15 (13–18) | |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 5 (2–10) | 0.18b | |
| <5 years | 108 (49.5) | 14 (12–17) | |
| 5–9 years | 44 (20.2) | 13 (10–17.75) | |
| >9–<15 years | 41 (18.8) | 13 (11–17) | |
| ≥15 years | 25 (11.5) | 11 (10–15.5) | |
| Anti-diabetic therapy | 0.002b | ||
| Exclusively insulin | 36 (16.5) | 13 (10–15.75) | |
| Combined with medication | 67 (30.7) | 13 (10–15) | |
| Oral hypoglycemic agents only | 115 (52.8) | 15 (12 −18) | |
| HbA1c value (%) | 8.9 (7.27–10.2) | <0.001a | |
| Good glycemic control (<7%) | 37 (17) | 18 (16–19) | |
| Poor glycemic control (≥7%) | 181 (83) | 13 (10–15) |
Notes: Data are n (%) or M±SD. aRegards a Association with DKQ Sum scale; Mann–Whitney U Test (two-tailed test). bAssociation with DKQ Sum scale; Kruskal–Wallis test.
Abbreviations: HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; BMI, body mass index; DKQ, Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire.