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. 2019 Aug 13;11:725–731. doi: 10.2147/CLEP.S215933

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© 2019 Qian et al.

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Forest plot of Mendelian randomization effect estimates for the associations of smoking and risk of ischemic stroke, large artery atherosclerotic ischemic stroke, cardioembolic ischemic stroke, and small vessel ischemic stroke. Effect estimates were derived from the inverse-variance-weighted method, weighted-median method, and MR-Egger regression. *Indicates the P-values of the intercept from the MR-Egger regression.

Abbreviations: MR, Mendelian randomization; OR, odds ratio; SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism.