Table 2.
Hemodynamic outcomes, vasoreactivity, microvascular function, and blood biomarkers before and after strength training performed without (LI) and with blood flow restriction (LI-BFR) in a 91-year-old sarcopenic patient
| Variable | LI | LI-BFR | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before | After | ∆ % | Before | After | ∆ % | |
| Hemodynamic parameters | ||||||
| HR (bpm) | 69 | 57 | −17.39 | 83 | 78 | −6.02 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 149 | 141 | −5.37 | 130 | 130 | 0 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 77 | 65 | −15.58 | 68 | 75 | 10.29 |
| MBP (mmHg) | 101 | 90 | −10.89 | 88 | 93 | 5.68 |
| Vasoreactivity | ||||||
| FBF bas 1 (mL/min/100 mL) | 0.56 | 0.78 | 39.29 | 1.63 | 1.95 | 19.63 |
| FBF hyper (ml/min/100 mL) | 5.23 | 10.72 | 104.97 | 8.26 | 10.80 | 30.75 |
| FBF bas 2 (mL/min/100 mL) | 0.42 | 0.93 | 121.43 | 1.12 | 1.27 | 13.39 |
| FBF nitro (mL/min/100 mL) | 1.44 | 1.48 | 2.78 | 2.75 | 2.78 | 1.09 |
| Microvascular function | ||||||
| RBCVmax/RBCVbas (mm/s) | 1.27 | 1.40 | 10.24 | 1.40 | 1.75 | 25.27 |
| Blood biomarkers | ||||||
| hs-CRP (mg/di) | 0.12 | 0.02 | −83.33 | 0.13 | 0.06 | −53.85 |
| TNF-a (pg/mL) | 1.36 | 1.37 | 0.56 | 1.21 | 1.44 | 19.30 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 2.73 | 2.76 | 0.88 | 6.75 | 3.20 | −52.55 |
| sVCAM-1 (ng/mL) | 1272.33 | 1337.76 | 5.14 | 1134.40 | 1123.98 | −0.92 |
| sICAM-1 (ng/mL) | 243.20 | 223.72 | −8.01 | 264.86 | 222.39 | −16.03 |
| ET-1 (pg/m1) | 2.16 | 1.80 | −16.87 | 2.00 | 2.22 | 10.91 |
| oxLDL (μ/L) | 30.46 | 26.60 | −12.86 | 37.25 | 40.21 | 7.96 |
| IGF-1 (na/m1) | 24.00 | 18.66 | −22.25 | 10.68 | 12.66 | 18.54 |
Abbreviations: LI, low intensity; BFR, blood flow restriction; HR, heart rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MBP, mean blood pressure; FBF, forearm blood flow; Bas, baseline; Hyper, hyperemia; Nitro, nitroglycerin; RBCVmax/RBCVbas, increment RBCVmax of baseline; hs-CRP, high sensitivity c-reactive protein; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; IL-6, interleukin-6; sVCAM-1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; sICAM-1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1; ET-1, endothelin-1; oxLDL, oxidized low density lipoprotein; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1; Δ%, percent variation from baseline.