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. 2019 Jul 12;11(8):2107–2124. doi: 10.1093/gbe/evz150

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© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 3. — —Insect opsin phylogeny and opsin gene expression in a moth and butterfly. Lepidopterans have two opsin genes related to squid retinochrome, unclassified and RGR-like, not found in D. melanogaster. (A) Opsin phylogenetic tree generated using amino acid sequences from Kanost et al. (2016) and from Heliconius melpomene and Danaus plexippus. D. melanogaster is in gray while lepidopteran species are in different colors, Bombyx mori (purple), Manduca sexta (orange), D. plexippus (green), and H. melpomene (red). Maximum-likelihood tree was generated using opsin amino acid sequences from 17 species with an LG+G + I+F model. Lepidopteran opsin clades are indicated by black labeled arcs. (B) Expression of opsin genes in M. sexta heads (n = 8, orange) and H. melpomene heads (n = 8, red) measured using RNA-Seq. The y axis is in transcripts per million on a log2 scale. Bars indicate standard errors.