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. 2019 Aug 6;10:954. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00954

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Copyright © 2019 Dong, Mu-u-min, Reith, O’Shea, He, Duan, Kou, Grassam-Rowe, Tan, Pavlovic, Ou and Lei.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Characteristics of Ca²⁺ transients recorded from different regions under sinus rhythm and optogenetic pacing. Representative Ca²⁺ transient illustrating rise time; CaD50 (Ca²⁺ transient duration to 50% of the decay); and CaD75 (Ca²⁺ transient duration to 75% of the decay). CaD50 and CaD75 are calculated from max. dF/dt (max. upstroke) as detailed in the protocol. (B) Mean rise time, before (n = 7), during (n = 7), and after (n = 6) optogenetic pacing. Key at center. Grouping is by region: LA, left atrium; RA, right atrium; NeoN, neonodal region (n = 4); SAN, nodal region. (C) Mean CaD50 values, no overall significant effect of optogenetic pacing. (D) Mean CaD75 values, no overall significant effect of optogenetic pacing.