Table 2.
Symptoms of pseudoallergy. The most life-threatening symptoms are highlighted in bold [10]. Reprinted from Molecular Immunology, Vol. 61, Szebeni J., Complement activation-related pseudoallergy: A stress reaction in blood triggered by nanomedicines and biologicals, Pages 163–173, Copyright (2014), with permission from Elsevier.
| Cardiovascular | Broncho-Pulmonary | Hematological | Mucocutaneous | Gastrointestinal | Neuro-Psycho-Somatic | Systemic |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angioedema | Apnea | Granulopenia | Cyanosis | Bloating | Back pain | Chills |
| Arrhythmia | Bronchospasm | Leukopenia | Erythmea | Cramping | Chest pain | Diaphoresis |
| Cardiogenic shock | Coughing | Lymphopenia | Flushing | Diarrhea | Chest tightness | Feeling of warmth |
| Edema | Dyspnea | Rebound leukocytosis | Nasal congestion | Metallic taste | Confusion | Fever |
| Hypertension | Hoarsness | Rebound granulocytosis | Rash | Nausea | Dizziness | Loss of consciousness |
| Hypotension | Hyperventillation | Trombocytopenia | Rhinitis | Vomiting | Feeling of imminent death | Rigors |
| Hypoxia | Laryngospasm | Swelling | Fright | Sweating | ||
| Myocardial infarction | Respiratory distress | Tearing | Headache | Wheezing | ||
| Tachycardia | Shortness of breath | Urticaria | Panic | |||
| Ventricular fibrillation | Sneezing | |||||
| Syncope | Stridor |