DyStruct and ADMIXTURE’s Ancestry Estimates on Ancient Samples and a Subset of Modern Europeans and Two Modern Oceanian Populations
(A) Modern samples are ordered by approximately increasing steppe ancestry (blue) from DyStruct’s estimates. DyStruct (top) identifies three ancient clusters: hunter-gatherers (red), Yamnaya steppe (blue), and early farmers (teal). Modern European populations appear as mixtures of these three groups, with modern Sardinians and individuals from the Iberian Peninsula sharing the least amount of steppe ancestry. In ADMIXTURE (bottom), the Yamnaya appear as a mixture of hunter-gatherers and a blue component without a clear interpretation. Hunter-gatherer ancestry is absent from many modern samples, and all modern populations appear to have more steppe ancestry than inferred by DyStruct.
(B) DyStruct correctly identifies when modern samples do not share ancestry with ancient ones. When there is no shared ancestry between ancient and modern populations, and thus little shared ancestry across time, DyStruct and ADMIXTURE’s estimates are similar. Both models identify two clusters of ancient samples: hunter-gatherers (red) and early farmers (teal). Yamnaya share ancestry with both ancient groups.