Comparison 1. Ethical case intervention versus usual care.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Treatment costs for patients who died in the hospital (USD 1000)	2	408	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.01 [‐0.20, 0.19]
2 Mortality	4	1062	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.10 [0.99, 1.23]
2.1 Proactive ethics consultation (PEC)	3	1000	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.10 [0.98, 1.24]
2.2 Request‐based ethics consultation	1	62	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.09 [0.82, 1.45]