Table 2.

Biomarkers of Nicotine Exposure, Mean ± SD at Baseline and Day 5 and Percent Change

Nicotine biomarker	Baseline (mean ± SD)	Day 1 (mean ± SD)	Day 3 (mean ± SD)	Day 5 (mean ± SD)	Baseline to Day 5 percent change
Urinary nicotine equivalents (mg/24 h)
NM smoker—VS originala	20.9 ± 7.6	—	—	12.9 ± 9.8	−38.3
NM smoker—gumb	19.5 ± 5.7	—	—	7.9 ± 6.1	−59.7
M smoker—VS mentholc	21.5 ± 6.9	—	—	13.4 ± 8.8	−37.8
M smoker—gumd	21.7 ± 7.8	—	—	7.2 ± 4.3	−66.7
Plasma cotinine at 07:00 pm (ng/mL)
NM smoker—VS originala	269 ± 108	159 ± 83	160 ± 122	183 ± 153	−32.0
NM smoker—gumb	264 ± 94	162 ± 75	113 ± 78	117 ± 95	−55.7
M smoker—VS mentholc	311 ± 114	201 ± 117	186 ± 123	211 ± 148	−32.2
M smoker—gumd	317 ± 111	184 ± 71	122 ± 74	110 ± 77	−65.3
Plasma nicotine at 07:00 pm (ng/mL)
NM smoker—VS originala	19.2 ± 9.0	6.5 ± 5.9	9.6 ± 8.9	11.5 ± 10.4	−40.1
NM smoker—gumb	19.0 ± 8.5	6.4 ± 4.3	5.2 ± 5.2	6.0 ± 5.4	−68.4
M smoker—VS mentholc	20.3 ± 8.4	7.6 ± 4.2	10.5 ± 8.2	13.0 ± 9.8	−36.0
M smoker—gumd	21.9 ± 8.3	5.6 ± 4.3	4.4 ± 3.8	5.3 ± 4.2	−75.8

Statistical significance for change in urinary nicotine equivalents was determined using a two-sided paired t test and adjusted using a Bonferroni step-down method. All changes from baseline to Day 5 were statistically significant (p < .05). Statistical significance for trend in plasma cotinine and nicotine was determined using mixed models with repeated measures for analysis of day effect. p values were adjusted using a step-down Bonferroni method. All trends were statistically significant (p < .05). CPD = cigarettes per day; M = Menthol; NM = Non-menthol; SD = standard deviation; VS = Vuse Solo.

^a n = 37.

^b n = 38.

^c n = 38.

^d n = 40.