Figure 4.

Selective depletion of the pro‐inflammatory Th1‐like Th17 cells in  NEDA patients after 3 months of DMF treatment. Representation of the pro‐/antiinflammatory ratio in central memory (CM) and effector memory (EM) CD4⁺ T cells for total RRMS patients (n = 22) (A, B) as well as for NEDA and ODA patients (n = 15 and n = 6, respectively) (C, D), before the treatment (Baseline) and after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of follow‐up. For ratio calculations, the % of Th2 cells was considered as antiinflammatory and the sum of the % of Th1, Th17, and Th1‐like Th17 was used as pro‐inflammatory values. The % of Th1‐like Th17 (CXCR3⁺ CCR6⁺) T lymphocytes was analyzed on NEDA (E) and ODA (F) patients. In addition, the % of regulatory T cells (Treg, CD127⁻ CD25 +CCR4⁺ CD45RO⁺) (G) and activated Treg (HLA‐DR⁺ Treg) (H) were determined. Data are expressed as mean SD. Each dot represents the value of an individual. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001