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. 2019 Aug 19;23:283. doi: 10.1186/s13054-019-2559-6

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Pulmonary coagulopathy, epithelial injury, and their related biomarkers in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Proinflammatory stimuli induce the expression and production of procoagulant and antifibrinolytic factors in different cell populations and epithelial/endothelial injury in the lung. AEC, alveolar epithelial cell; DAMPS, damage-associated molecular patterns; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; PAMP, pathogen-associated molecular patterns; PRR, pattern recognition receptors; SP, surfactant protein; TAT, thrombin–antithrombin complex