Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and outcomes in the 124 study patients
| Characteristics/outcomes | Direct-risk ARDS (n = 56) |
Idiopathic/immune ARDS (n = 31) |
Unilateral pneumonia (n = 37) |
P* | P** |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||
| Age, years | 70 (63–77.8) | 66 (59–75) | 66 (58.5–76) | 0.19 | 0.39 |
| Male, n (%) | 41 (73.2) | 16 (51.6) | 25 (67.6) | 0.044 | 0.13 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||||
| IHD | 7 (12.5) | 3 (9.7) | 3 (8.1) | 1.00 | 0.78 |
| CHF | 8 (14.3) | 3 (9.7) | 3 (8.1) | 0.74 | 0.62 |
| Arrhythmia | 7 (12.5) | 2 (6.5) | 2 (5.4) | 0.48 | 0.43 |
| COPD | 5 (8.9) | 2 (6.5) | 7 (18.9) | 1.00 | 0.22 |
| CKD | 11 (19.6) | 6 (19.4) | 7 (18.9) | 1.00 | 0.99 |
| CVD | 9 (16.1) | 3 (9.7) | 6 (13.2) | 0.53 | 0.66 |
| Severity of illness | |||||
| APACHE II score | 31 (25–35) | 23 (18–26) | 24 (19–29) | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 |
| SAPS II score | 60 (52–75) | 44 (27–52) | 48 (35–57) | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 |
| SOFA score | |||||
| Day 1 | 9 (7.3–11) | 6 (5–8) | 7 (6–9) | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 |
| Maximum | 11 (8–14) | 7 (6–9) | 8 (7.0–10.5) | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 |
| PaO2/FIO2 ratio, day 1 | 127 (86.8–194) | 119 (75–170) | 192 (137–234) | 0.89 | 0.0035 |
| Set PEEP (cmH2O), day 1 | 8 (5–10) | 8 (5–8) | 8 (5–10) | 0.58 | 0.86 |
| Severity of ARDS | 0.29 | ||||
| Mild | 13 (23.2) | 4 (12.9) | |||
| Moderate | 23 (41.1) | 15 (48.4) | |||
| Severe | 20 (35.7) | 12 (38.7) | |||
| Prognosis | |||||
| ICU days | 11 (8–18) | 10 (7–17) | 10 (6.5–14) | 0.82 | 0.45 |
| Ventilator-free days | 9.5 (0–20) | 17 (0–22) | 18 (14–22) | 0.12 | 0.021 |
| Mortality, n (%) | |||||
| 28 days | 12 (21.4) | 4 (12.9) | 1 (2.7) | 0.37 | 0.019 |
| 90 days | 17 (30.4) | 9 (29.0) | 1. (2.7) | 0.89 | 0.0007 |
Data are expressed as the median (interquartile range) or n (%)
IHD ischemic heart disease, CHF chronic heart failure, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CKD chronic kidney disease, CVD cerebrovascular disease, APACHE Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, SAPS Simplified Acute Physiology Score, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure
*Comparison between patients with direct risk factor-associated ARDS and idiopathic/immune-related ARDS
**Comparison among the three groups. Italic numbers indicate statistical significance