GST-pulldown assays were completed to determine whether the UL4 protein directly interacts with general transcription factor TFIIA or TFIIB or the EHV-1 IE protein. Purified GST (negative control), GST-TAD (positive control), GST-IE (positive control) or GST-UL4 fusion proteins were incubated with GST-Bind resin beads for 1.5 h before being combined with A. TFIIA, B. TFIIB, or C. EHV-1 IE. Captured proteins were eluted and resolved by SDS-PAGE and western blot using anti-TFIIA antibody, anti-TFIIB antibody, or anti-IE specific antibody. MW, molecular weight marker. Details are in the Materials and Methods.