Table 5.

Lesion symptom mapping for N = 58 participants using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) for regression modelling. Predictor candidates were all 27 left hemisphere ROIs, and 2 control variables (lesion volume, number of words produced). Two-tailed statistical tests were applied. Table 5a shows the LASSO model for the dependent variable lexical diversity, Table 5b for lexical sophistication, and Table 5c for phonological word features.

a) Dependent variable: lexical diversity
Independent variables	LASSO coefficient
Supramarginal gyrus	−0.118
Posterior insula	−0.186
Inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus	−0.117
Number of words	0.088
Model summary	Coefficient of determination		Expected prediction error
	R2	Adjusted R2	Estimatea	Std. Error
	0.580	0.511	0.736	0.115

b) Dependent variable: lexical sophistication
Independent variables	LASSO coefficient
Pole of superior temporal gyrus	−0.091
Model summary	Coefficient of determination		Expected prediction error
	R2	Adjusted R2	Estimatea	Std. Error
	0.262	0.235	1.040	0.175

c) Dependent variable: phonological word features
Independent variables	LASSO coefficient
Supramarginal gyrus	−0.045
Model summary	Coefficient of determination		Expected prediction error
	R2	Adjusted R2	Estimatea	Std. Error
	0.297	0.271	1.027	0.181

^aMean squared error (10-fold cross validation).