Table 2.
Molecular targets of Formononetin in different types of cancer.
| Cancer types | Cell lines | Treatment time | IC50 | Molecular targets | Cell cycle arrest | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ovarian | ES2,OV90 | 48 h | 40 μM | p38↑, ERK1/2↓, P90RSK↓, AKT↓, P70S6K↓, ROS↑ | G0/G1 | [10] |
| SKOV3 | 24 h | 283.5 μM | caspase3/9↑, Bax/Bcl2↑, MMP-2⊥, MMP-9⊥, p-ERK↓ | - - | [34] | |
| 48 h | 209.3 μM | |||||
| A2780 | 24 h | 310.0 μM | ||||
| 48 h | 186.1μM | |||||
|
| ||||||
| Breast | MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, SK-BR-3 |
24 h | 50 μg/ml | p-GS3Kβ⊥, p-PI3K⊥, p-mTOR↑, p-AKT⊥ | - - | [35] |
| MCF-7 WS8 | 48 h | 10 μg/ml | CYP1A1↓, P450 1A1↑ | - - | [36] | |
| MCF-7 | 24, 48h | 50 μM | ERα↑, miR-375↑, Bcl-2↓, p-AKT↑ | - - | [37] | |
| 4T1, MDA-MB-231 | 24 h | 160 μM | TIMP-2↑, TIMP-1↑, MMP-9↓, MMP-2↓ | - - | [38] | |
| MDA-231, MDA-435 | 24, 48, 72 h | 100 μM | ERβ↑, IGF-1R↓, PARP-1act, miR-375↓ | - - | [39] | |
| MCF-7 | 24, 48, 72 h | 100 μM | GF1/IGF1R-PI3K/ AKTinact, cyclin D1↓, Bax/Bcl-2↑, Ras-p38MAPKact, | - - | [40] | |
|
| ||||||
| Colon | SW1116,HCT116 | 24 h | 200 μM | cyclin D1↓, (MMP)2⊥, MMP9⊥, (miR)149↑, EphB3↓, PI3K/AKT⊥, STAT3⊥ | G0/G1 | [41] |
|
| ||||||
| Hepatoma | HuH-7 | 24 h | 20 μM | - - | - - | [18] |
|
| ||||||
| Cervical | HeLa, SiHa, CaSKi | 24 h | 25 Μm | ROS↓, JNK⊥, caspase-8act, caspase-3act, Bax/Bcl2↑, PI3K/AKT⊥ | - - | [42] |
|
| ||||||
| Laryngeal | Hep-2 | 24, 48 h | 50 and 75 μg/ml | ROS↓, CdCl2⊥ | G0/G1 | [23] |
|
| ||||||
| Lung | A549 | 48 h | 60 mg/ml | p-Smad 2/3↓, TGF-β1⊥, EMT⊥ | - - | [43] |
| A549, NCI-H23 | 24 h | 100 μM | p53↑, p21↑, cyclin A↓, cyclin D1↓, | G1 | [44] | |
|
| ||||||
| Bladder | T24 | 24 h | 200 μM | T24⊥, PTEN↑, p- AKT ↓, miR-21↓ | - - | [45] |
|
| ||||||
| Gastric | MGC-803 | - - | - - | - - | - - | [46] |
|
| ||||||
| Esophagus | EC-109 | - - | - - | - - | - - | [46] |
|
| ||||||
| Prostate | PC3 | 48 h | 1.97 μM | p-ERK↓, p-JNK↓, c-Myc↓ p-p38↓, cyclin B1↓, cyclin A↓, cyclin D1↓, CDK4↓, Axin↑, β-catenin↓, TCF-4↓ | G1 | [46] |
| DU145, PC3 | 48 h | 200 μM | Bcl-2↓, RASD1↑, Bax↑, IGF-1 R↓ | - - | [47] | |
| PC3 | 48 h | >12.5 μM | [48] | |||
| PC-3, DU145 | 48 h | 80μM | AKT /cyclin D1/CDK4↓ | G0/G1 | [49] | |
|
| ||||||
| Nasopharyngeal | CNE2 | 24 h | 1 μM | Bax↓, bcl-2↑, p-ERK1/2↑ | - - | [50] |
|
| ||||||
| Adrenal medulla | PC12 | 24 h | 20 μg/ml | ROS↑, MDA↓, GSH↓ | - - | [51] |
|
| ||||||
| Multiple myeloma | U266, RPMI8226 | 48 h | 100 μM | STAT3↓, STAT5↓, JAK1↓, JAK2↓, cSrc↓, ROS↑, caspase-3act, PARPclevage | - - | [52] |
|
| ||||||
| Osteosarcoma | U2OS | 48 h | 80 μM | Bax↑, Bcl2↓, miR-375↓, caspase-3↑, ERKinact, AKTinact | - - | [53, 54] |
|
| ||||||
| Glioma | U87MG, U251MG, T98G | 24,48 h | 100 μM | E-cadherin↓, HDAC5↑ | - - | [54] |
Downregulation↓, Upregulation ↑, Activation Act, Inhibition⊥, Bax: Bcl-2 associated x protein, Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma, JNK: c-Jun-N-terminal kinase, MAPK: mitogen activated protein kinase, mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin, Cdks: cyclin dependent kinases, EKR: extracellular signal-regulated kinase.