Table 2.
Evaluation of quality criteria in intervention studies among people with cognitive impairment (A) and cognitively healthy elderly (B) in descending order of total scoring: + = fulfills criteria; − = does not fulfill criteria; ± = fulfills criteria only partly; ? = cannot be concluded from the study report.
| Study | Randomization described and acceptable | Valid definition of diagnosis | Inclusion and exclusion criteria described | Adequate statistical power described with power analyses | Valid measurements and outcome measures | Baseline characteristics in groups described and groups comparable | Drop-out described and included in analysis | Intention to treat analysis | Comparison of differences in changes between the groups in outcome variables | Blinding used | Description of intervention | Compliance described | Complications described | Total score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A) | ||||||||||||||
| Morris et al., 2017 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | − | + | + | + | + | + | 12 |
| Suzuki et al., 2013 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ? | + | + | + | + | + | 12 |
| Ten Brinke et al., 2015 | + | − | + | + | + | + | ± | + | + | + | + | + | + | 11 |
| Smith et al., 2013 | − | + | + | − | + | + | ± | − | + | + | + | + | − | 8 |
| Reiter et al., 2015 | − | + | + | − | + | + | − | − | + | + | + | + | − | 8 |
| Frederiksen et al., 2018; van der Kleij et al., 2018 | + | + | + | − | + | + | ± | − | + | + | + | − | − | 8 |
| Suo et al., 2016 | + | + | − | + | + | − | ± | + | + | + | + | − | − | 8 |
| Burdette et al., 2010 | − | − | + | − | + | + | − | − | + | + | + | + | − | 7 |
| Köbe et al., 2016 | − | + | + | − | + | + | ± | − | + | − | + | + | − | 7 |
| Chirles et al., 2017 | − | + | + | − | + | + | − | − | + | + | ± | + | − | 7 |
| Anderson-Hanley et al., 2018 | ± | − | + | ± | + | + | ± | − | + | ? | + | + | + | 7 |
| Nagamatsu, 2012 | ± | − | − | − | + | + | ± | − | + | + | ± | + | − | 5 |
| B) | ||||||||||||||
| Liu-Ambrose et al., 2010 | + | + | + | + | + | + | ? | + | + | + | + | + | + | 12 |
| Liu-Ambrose et al., 2012 | + | + | + | − | + | + | − | − | + | + | + | + | − | 9 |
| Best et al., 2015 | − | ± | + | − | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | − | 9 |
| Nishiguchi et al., 2015 | + | + | + | ± | + | + | ? | − | + | + | + | − | + | 9 |
| Matura et al., 2017 | ± | + | + | + | + | + | ± | − | + | + | + | + | − | 9 |
| Chapman et al., 2013 | − | + | + | − | + | + | + | ? | + | ? | + | + | − | 8 |
| Ruscheweyh et al., 2011 | − | + | + | − | + | + | − | − | + | ± | + | − | − | 6 |
| Maass et al., 2015 | − | + | ± | − | + | + | + | − | + | ? | + | − | − | 6 |
| Kleemeyer et al., 2016 | − | + | + | ± | + | + | ± | − | + | ? | + | ± | − | 6 |
| Godde and Voelcker-Rehage, 2017 | − | + | + | − | + | + | − | − | + | − | + | − | − | 6 |
| Colcombe et al., 2006 | + | ± | ± | − | + | + | − | − | + | ? | + | − | − | 5 |
| Erickson et al., 2011 | − | ± | + | ± | + | + | − | − | + | ? | + | ± | − | 5 |
| Voss et al., 2010 | − | + | ± | − | + | ± | − | − | + | ? | + | + | − | 5 |
| Voss et al., 2013a | − | + | + | − | + | − | − | − | + | ? | + | − | − | 5 |
| Tamura et al., 2015 | − | + | + | ± | + | ± | ± | − | + | ? | + | − | − | 5 |
| Nagamatsu et al., 2016 | − | + | + | − | ± | + | − | − | + | ? | + | − | − | 5 |
| Rosano et al., 2017 | ± | ± | ± | − | + | + | − | − | + | + | ± | + | − | 5 |
| Holzschneider et al., 2012 | − | + | ± | − | + | ± | − | − | + | ? | + | − | − | 4 |
| Flodin et al., 2017; Jonasson et al., 2016 | − | + | ± | ± | + | + | ± | − | + | ? | ± | − | − | 4 |
| Colcombe et al., 2004 | − | ± | ± | − | + | ± | − | − | + | ? | ± | − | − | 2 |