Table 2. World epidemiology of pediatric AKI.
| Country | Year | Study design | AKI diagnostic criteria | Patient characteristics | Number of patients | % RRT* | Incidence (%) | Mortality (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nigeria54 | 2004 | Prospective Single center | Non-standardized definition | 0-15 year-old patients admitted with AKI diagnosis | 123 | 53 | --- | 43.9 |
| Thailand19 | 2006 | RetrospectiveSingle center | Non-standardized definition | 1 month-17 years patients with AKI diagnosis in Thai hospital | 311 | 17.6 | --- | 41.5 63.6 if RRT |
| New Zeland16 | 2008 | Retrospective Single center | Only patients who required RRT | 0-15year-old AKI patients submitted to RRT | 226 | 100 | --- | 11 |
| United States5 | 2010 | Retrospective Single center | RIFLE | 31 days-21 years patients admitted to the PICU | 3.396 | 1.2 | 10 | 30-32 42.5 if RRT |
| United States27 | 2013 | RetrospectiveMulticentric | Patients diagnosed with AKI by the ICD ** | 0-18 year-old patients admitted to 4121 hospitals of the country in 2009 | 2.644.263 | 8.8 | 0.39 | 15.3 |
| China18 | 2013 | ProspectiveMulticentric | AKIN | 15 days to 18 year-old patients admitted to 27 hospitals in 2008 | 388.736 | 15.1 | 0.32 | 3.4 |
| United States30 | 2014 | RetrospectiveSingle center | KDIGO | Newborns with weight ≤ 1500 g admitted to NNICU from 2008-2011 | 455 | 0.55 | 39.8 | 14.4 |
| United States28 | 2015 | Retrospective Single center | KDIGO | 1 month-21 year-old patients admitted to the PICU 2003-2012 | 8260 | 17.7 | 11.8 | 25.3 |
| United States29 | 2017 | Prospective Multicentric | KDIGO | 3 months-25 year old patients admitted to 32 PICUs in 4 continents | 4984 | 1.5 | 26.9 | 5.5 11 if stage 2 or 3 |
| Pakistan31 | 2017 | Prospective Single center | pRIFLE | 1 month-15 year-old patients with AKI diagnosis admitted in 1 year | 116 | 53 | --- | 5.3 |
| India32 | 2017 | Prospective Single center | pRIFLE | 2 months-18 year old patients admitted to the PICU in 1 year | 380 | 19 | 14 | 36 |