Table 3. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses of overall survival for patients with pulmonary metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma.

Variable	Univariate			Multivariate
	HR	95% CI	P-value	HR	95% CI	P-value
Sex			0.149
Male	Reference
Female	0.913	[0.807–1.033]	0.149
Age (year)			0.049			0.014
≤50	Reference			Reference
>50	1.176	[1.001–1.382]	0.049	1.228	[1.042–1.446]	0.014
Race			0.987
White	Reference
Black	1.011	[0.886–1.154]	0.873
Other	1.002	[0.881–1.140]	0.974
T stage			0.020			0.009
T1	Reference			Reference
T2	1.039	[0.854–1.264]	0.703	1.135	[0.916–1.407]	0.247
T3	1.118	[0.958–1.305]	0.156	1.222	[1.036–1.441]	0.017
T4	1.230	[1.065–1.420]	0.005	1.277	[1.105–1.477]	0.001
Tx	1.239	[1.062–1.446]	0.006	1.043	[0.880–1.236]	0.628
N stage			0.088
N0	Reference
N1	1.141	[1.005–1.297]	0.042
Nx	1.094	[0.956–1.252]	0.194
Tumor size (cm)			<0.001			0.085
≤5	Reference			Reference
>5	1.110	[0.964–1.279]	0.148	1.104	[0.930–1.309]	0.258
Unknown	1.340	[1.149–1.564]	<0.001	1.229	[1.019–1.482]	0.031
AFP			0.129
Normal	Reference
Elevated	1.191	[1.001–1.415]	0.048
Unknown	1.199	[0.987–1.458]	0.068
Bone metastasis			0.654
No	Reference
Yes	0.970	[0.851–1.107]	0.654
Brain metastasis			0.653
No	Reference
Yes	1.078	[0.778–1.494]	0.653
Intrahepatic metastasis			0.794
No	Reference
Yes	1.023	[0.863–1.212]	0.794
Surgery			<0.001			<0.001
No surgery	Reference			Reference
Local treatment	0.386	[0.213–0.700]	0.002	0.465	[0.255–0.847]	0.012
Liver resection	0.292	[0.161–0.530]	<0.001	0.319	[0.175–0.580]	<0.001
Radiation			0.166
No	Reference
Yes	0.644	[0.346–1.200]	0.166
Chemotherapy			<0.001			<0.001
No	Reference			Reference
Yes	0.481	[0.432–0.536]	<0.001	0.478	[0.428–0.534]	<0.001

Note:

HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; AFP, alpha-fetoprotein.