Table 7.

Data summary of patients with TAO and involvement of mucoucutaneous zones

No	Year	Authors	The number of patients	Age	Chief complaint	Duration of disease (Amputation)	Smoking status	How to diagnose the current disease	Suggested treatment	The outcome of treatment
1	2013	Li et al (China)72	2 brothers	Case1: 33 years Case2: 27 years	1: Erythema nodosum in the bilateral lower leg extensors and the dorsum of the right foot, without evident causes 2: Erythema nodosum on the left shank and the top of the left foot accompanied by numbness and pain in the feet, without evident reason	Case 1: 8 years earlier Case 2: 3 years earlier	Case 1: 5–8 cigarettes per day for 10 years Case 2: 3–5 cigarettes per day for 4 years	Case 1: Skin biopsy confirmed erythema nodosum diagnosis Case 2: Physical exam	Case 1: Immune suppression treatment with methotrexate, triptriolide, cyclophosphamide, prednisolone and methylprednisolone Case 2: Hormonal and microcirculation therapy (no more details)	Case 1: Improvement with leaving a small level of pigmentation on the skin Case 2: Improvment
2	2007	Takanashi et al (Japan)73	1	33 years	Painful nodular erythema with livedo reticularis in both lower extremities	TAO diagnosis 2 years later according to clinical manifestation, angiography characteristics and histology examination of toe amputation	30 cigarettes per day for 15 years	Skin biopsy	Oral prednisolone (20 mg daily) and NSAIDs	Recovery of skin symptoms
3	1981	Queneville et al (Canada)74	1	44 years	Painful subcutaneous indurations, some nodular others string like, over the forearms and feet, and minute periungueal infarcts 2 days later multiple inflammatory cords on the forearms, hands and feet and subungueal-splinter hemorrhage	TAO diagnosis 1 year later according to clinical manifestation and excluding other types of vasculitis	40 cigarettes per day	Ruling out vasculitis and cancer but there was no idea about the underlying cause of subungueal-splinter hemorrhage until the diagnosis of TAO	Heparin, steroids and vasodilators	No improvement during medical treatment but resolved later
4	1980	Rye et al (Washington, USA)75	1	57 years	Painful swallowing and an ulcer in the mucosa of left posterior hard plate or due to Necrotizing sialometaplasia	TAO diagnosis 6 years earlier and minor amputations	One pack cigarette daily	Mucosal biopsy and histology examination confirmed necrotizing sialometaplasia and showed arterial organized thrombus	Smoking cessation	Recovery