Prothrombin promotes PDAC tumor growth. A and B, Analysis of tumor growth following subcutaneous injection of KPC2 WT cells into C57BI/6 WT or fIIlow mice (N = 7-8 mice per group). Tumor volume was measured over time and tumor mass established for isolated tumors following 4 weeks of growth. C and D, WT C57Bl/6 mice were administered a prothrombin-specific ASO gapmer or a nontargeting control gapmer and analyzed for KPC2 cell tumor growth following subcutaneous injections. C, Immunoblot analysis for prothrombin of plasma from ASO-treated mice. Albumin levels as detected by Ponceau S staining of the blot was used as a loading control. D, Tumor mass was determined for isolated tumors following 4 weeks of growth. E and F, Analysis of the final tumor mass 21 days following orthotopic injection of KPC2 cells into the pancreas of C57Bl/6 mice treated with a control or prothrombin-specific ASO weekly following injection of the tumor cells. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01. Scale bar, 2 mm.