Table 1.
Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis
| Publication | Study; location; No of participants; No of cases | Year of baseline assessment; mean follow-up | Case ascertainment | Accelerometer type (location) | Covariates | Quality assessment* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bakrania et al36 | Walking Away from Type 2 Diabetes (WAT2D), England; n=654 (411 men, 243 women); 26 cases | 2010-11; 5.7 years | Office for National Statistics | Actigraph GT3X+ (right hip) | Age, sex, BMI, socioeconomic status | 8 |
| Diaz et al9 | Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS); US; n=7862 (3580 men; 4282 women); 590 cases | 2003-07; 5.3 years | Review of death certificates, medical records, and administrative databases | Actical (right hip) | Age, sex, BMI, education, race, region of residence, season the accelerometer was worn, current smoking, alcohol use, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, estimated glomerular filtration rate, atrial fibrillation, history of coronary heart disease, and history of stroke | 9 |
| Dohrn et al10 | Sweden Attitude Behaviour and Change study (ABC), Sweden; n=834 (371 men, 463 women); 79 cases | 2001-02; 14.5 years | National death register | Actigraph 7164 (lower back) | Age, sex, education, BMI, smoking, history of hypertension, heart disease, cancer, and diabetes | 9 |
| Jefferis et al37 | British Regional Heart Study (BRHS), UK; n=1412 men; 250 cases | 2010-12; 6.0 years | National Health Service central registers | Actigraph GT3X+ (right hip) | Age, BMI, Social class, season of accelerometer wear, region of residence, lives alone / with others, alcohol, smoking, sleep, locomotor disability, previous MI, stroke or heart failure | 9 |
| Lee et al12 | Women’s Health Study (WHS), US; n=16738, women; n=504 | 2011-17; 4.3 years | Medical records, death certificates, or National Death Index | Actigraph GT3X+ (right hip) | Age, income, BMI, smoking; alcohol; intakes of saturated fat, fibre, fruits, and vegetables; hormone therapy; parental history of myocardial infarction; family history of cancer; general health; history of cardiovascular disease; history of cancer; and cancer screening | 9 |
| Unpublished data (Murabito et al26) | Framingham Heart Study (FHS), US; n=2621 (1225 men, 1396 women); 77 cases | 2008-11; 4.0 years | Medical records, death certificates | Actical (right hip) | Age, sex, education, BMI, ethnicity, smoking, self reported health | 9 |
| NHANES13 (data downloaded from wwwn.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/Default.aspx and Public-use Linked Mortality data† | National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), US;(n=3978 (1977 men, 2001 women); 492 cases | 2003-06; 6.5 years | National Death Index, National Center for Health Statistics | Actigraph 7164 (right hip) | Age, socioeconomic status, BMI, ethnicity, smoking, alcohol, mobility limitations, number of medical conditions (diabetes, congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, heart attack, stroke, cancer) | 9 |
| Unpublished data (Hansen et al35) | Norwegian National Physical Activity Survey 1 (NNPAS), Norway; n=2284; 131 cases | 2008-09; 8.9 years | Death certificates, Norwegian death register | Actigraph GT1M (right hip) | Age, sex, education, BMI, wear time, smoking, alcohol, number of medical conditions | 9 |
BMI=body mass index.
*
Quality assessment according to Newcastle-Ottawa scale (range 0-9) for cohort studies (see supplementary material for further details).
†
National Center for Health Statistics. Office of Analysis and Epidemiology, Public-use Linked Mortality File, 2015. Hyattsville, MD, USA (www.cdc.gov/nchs/data_access/data_linkage/mortality.htm).