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. 2019 Aug 8;2019(8):CD006869. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006869.pub3

Comparison 1. Any early psychological intervention versus waiting list/usual care.

Outcome or subgroup title No. of studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size
1 PTSD diagnosis post‐treatment 5 556 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.06 [0.85, 1.32]
1.1 Brief individual trauma processing therapy vs treatment as usual (TAU) 3 262 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.10 [0.87, 1.40]
1.2 Self‐guided Internet‐based intervention vs TAU 1 228 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.91 [0.40, 2.06]
1.3 Brief dyadic cognitive‐behavioural intervention vs TAU 1 66 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.59 [0.21, 1.61]
2 PTSD diagnosis 3–6 months 5 758 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.62 [0.41, 0.93]
2.1 Brief individual trauma processing therapy vs TAU 3 251 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.73 [0.44, 1.22]
2.2 Self‐guided Internet‐based intervention vs TAU 1 185 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.50 [0.18, 1.45]
2.3 Intensive care diaries vs delayed intensive care diaries 1 322 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.38 [0.17, 0.82]
3 PTSD diagnosis 7–12 months 1 132 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.94 [0.20, 4.49]
3.1 Self‐guided Internet‐based intervention vs TAU 1 132 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.94 [0.20, 4.49]
4 Dropouts from treatment 11 1154 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.34 [0.91, 1.95]
4.1 Brief individual trauma processing therapy vs TAU 5 571 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.06 [0.67, 1.68]
4.2 Brief dyadic therapy vs TAU 2 112 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 2.09 [0.76, 5.75]
4.3 Group therapy vs TAU 1 162 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.72 [0.27, 1.89]
4.4 Collaborative care vs TAU 1 34 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.75 [0.14, 3.94]
4.5 Brief IPT vs TAU 1 90 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 3.06 [1.39, 6.75]
4.6 Telephone‐based CBT vs TAU 1 185 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 2.42 [0.79, 7.44]
5 Severity of PTSD symptoms post‐treatment 9 1326 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.09 [‐0.29, 0.12]
5.1 Brief individual trauma processing therapy vs TAU 4 465 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.04 [‐0.34, 0.42]
5.2 Self‐guided Internet‐based intervention vs TAU 1 300 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.38 [‐0.61, ‐0.15]
5.3 Group counselling vs TAU 1 147 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.09 [‐0.41, 0.24]
5.4 Collaborative care vs TAU 1 29 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.50 [‐1.24, 0.25]
5.5 Intensive care diaries vs delayed access to intensive care diaries 1 330 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.22 [‐0.44, ‐0.01]
5.6 Three‐step early intervention vs TAU 1 55 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.33 [‐0.20, 0.86]
6 Severity of PTSD symptoms: 3–6 months 15 1921 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.10 [‐0.22, 0.02]
6.1 Brief individual trauma processing therapy vs TAU 4 466 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.05 [‐0.41, 0.30]
6.2 Self‐guided Internet‐based intervention vs TAU 1 300 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.27 [‐0.50, ‐0.04]
6.3 Brief dyadic therapy vs TAU 2 103 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.41 [‐0.81, ‐0.02]
6.4 Collaborative care vs TAU 1 26 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.41 [‐0.37, 1.19]
6.5 Brief interpersonal therapy (IPT) vs TAU 1 58 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.10 [‐0.42, 0.61]
6.6 Intensive care diaries vs delayed access to intensive care diaries 1 322 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [‐0.22, 0.22]
6.7 Three‐step early intervention vs TAU 1 55 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.08 [‐0.61, 0.45]
6.8 Telephone‐based cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) vs TAU 1 185 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.20 [‐0.49, 0.09]
6.9 Supported psychoeducation vs TAU 1 23 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.65 [‐1.61, 0.30]
6.10 Communication facilitator in an intensive care setting vs usual care 1 168 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.02 [‐0.29, 0.32]
6.11 Nurse‐led intensive care recovery programme vs TAU 1 215 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.02 [‐0.29, 0.25]
7 Severity of PTSD symptoms: 7–12 months 4 765 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.09 [‐0.32, 0.14]
7.1 Self‐guided Internet‐based intervention vs wait list/TAU 1 300 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [‐0.23, 0.23]
7.2 Three‐step early intervention vs TAU 1 55 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.18 [‐0.71, 0.35]
7.3 Telephone‐based CBT 1 185 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.38 [‐0.67, ‐0.09]
7.4 Nurse‐led intensive care recovery programme vs TAU 1 225 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.12 [‐0.14, 0.38]
8 Severity of depressive symptoms post‐treatment 5 671 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.19 [‐0.40, 0.01]
8.1 Brief individual trauma processing therapy vs TAU 1 137 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.46 [‐0.80, ‐0.12]
8.2 Self‐guided Internet‐based intervention vs TAU 1 300 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.17 [‐0.39, 0.06]
8.3 Collaborative care vs TAU 1 29 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.26 [‐0.99, 0.48]
8.4 Group therapy vs TAU 1 147 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.22 [‐0.55, 0.10]
8.5 Brief IPT vs TAU 1 58 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.32 [‐0.20, 0.84]
9 Severity of depressive symptoms at 3–6 months 7 1009 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.04 [‐0.19, 0.10]
9.1 Brief IPT vs TAU 1 58 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [‐0.52, 0.52]
9.2 Self‐guided Internet‐based intervention vs TAU 1 300 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.12 [‐0.35, 0.10]
9.3 Collaborative care vs TAU 1 26 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.86 [0.05, 1.68]
9.4 Supported psychoeducational intervention vs TAU 1 23 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.07 [1.00, 0.87]
9.5 Telephone‐based CBT 1 185 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
9.6 Communication facilitator in an intensive care setting vs TAU 1 171 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.07 [‐0.37, 0.23]
9.7 Nurse‐led intensive care recovery programme vs TAU 1 246 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.04 [‐0.29, 0.21]
10 Severity of depressive symptoms at 7–12 months 3 745 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.01 [‐0.14, 0.15]
10.1 Self‐guided Internet‐based intervention vs TAU 1 300 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.06 [‐0.17, 0.28]
10.2 Telephone‐based CBT 1 185 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.16 [‐0.45, 0.13]
10.3 Nurse‐led intensive care recovery programme vs TAU 1 260 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.06 [‐0.18, 0.30]
11 Severity of anxiety symptoms post‐treatment 3 358 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.41 [‐0.98, 0.16]
11.1 Self‐guided Internet‐based intervention vs TAU 1 300 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.03 [‐0.25, 0.20]
11.2 Brief dyadic therapy vs TAU 1 29 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.76 [‐1.54, 0.02]
11.3 Brief IPT vs TAU 1 29 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.76 [‐1.54, 0.02]
12 Severity of anxiety symptoms at 3–6 months 6 945 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.05 [‐0.19, 0.10]
12.1 Supported psychoeducational intervention vs TAU 1 23 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.15 [‐1.08, 0.78]
12.2 Self‐guided Internet‐based intervention vs TAU 1 300 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.09 [‐0.32, 0.14]
12.3 Brief dyadic therapy vs TAU 1 29 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.76 [‐1.54, 0.02]
12.4 Telephone‐based CBT 1 185 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
12.5 Communication facilitator in an intensive care setting vs usual care 1 162 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.04 [‐0.27, 0.35]
12.6 Nurse‐led intensive care recovery programme vs TAU 1 246 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.03 [‐0.22, 0.28]
13 Severity of anxiety symptoms at 7–12 months 3 746 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.04 [‐0.27, 0.18]
13.1 Self‐guided Internet‐based intervention vs TAU 1 300 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.09 [‐0.13, 0.32]
13.2 Telephone‐based CBT 1 185 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.30 [‐0.59, ‐0.01]
13.3 Nurse‐led intensive care recovery programme vs TAU 1 261 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.04 [‐0.21, 0.28]