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. 2019 Aug 6;2019(8):CD012379. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012379.pub2

Halleck 2017.

Methods

  • Study design: randomised controlled trial, 142 randomised

  • Study duration: initiated in August 2016

  • Study follow‐up: not stated
Participants

  • Country: Germany

  • Setting: Community

  • Kidney transplant recipients

  • Number: 148 (numbers per group not reported)

  • Mean age ± SD (years): 46 ± 12

  • Sex: not described

  • Medium time after transplantation 5.2 years (range 3.0 to 9.8)

  • Exclusion criteria: not described
Interventions

  • Intervention type classification: reminder

  • eHealth intervention used: mobile phone application


Intervention group

  • Smartphone‐based application supporting medication adherence


Control group

  • Not reported
Outcomes

  • Medication adherence (MMAS‐8)

  • Knowledge about own medication
Notes

  • 3 abstracts available; results only report characteristics and correlation with number of medications, medication adherence – no data regarding the difference between intervention and control participants

  • Funding source: not reported
Risk of bias
Bias Authors' judgement Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias) Unclear risk Study described as randomised, method of random sequence generation not reported
Allocation concealment (selection bias) Unclear risk Insufficient information to permit judgement
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) 
 Blinding of participants High risk Participants could not be blinded given the nature of this intervention
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) 
 Blinding of personnel Unclear risk Insufficient information to permit judgement
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) 
 Objective outcome Unclear risk Insufficient information to permit judgement
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) 
 Subjective outcomes High risk Unclear how knowledge will be assessed, MMAS is a self‐reported measure of adherence so at high risk of bias
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) 
 All outcomes Unclear risk Insufficient information to permit judgement
Selective reporting (reporting bias) Unclear risk Insufficient information to permit judgement
Other bias Unclear risk Insufficient information to permit judgement