Wu 2009.

Methods	Study design: RCT Location: USA Setting: Asian community health coalition’s member organisations. Community setting in New York City Recruitment: participants were recruited through the Asian Community Health Coalition’s Chinese member organisations by bilingual staff from Temple University’s Center for Asian Health in cooperation with trained community volunteers.
Participants	Defining eligibility criteria?: self‐identification as ethnic Chinese Participant characteristics: 139 adult ethnic Chinese smokers, randomised to intervention (67) and control (72); 12.3% female; mean age 44.4; cpd not stated Motivation to quit?: not selected on motivation
Interventions	Control: four 60‐min 'health education' sessions and general self‐help health information, covering nutrition, exercise, and harmful effects of tobacco. Quitting strategies were provided. Intervention: four in‐person 60‐min sessions of MI counselling for smoking cessation and self‐help smoking cessation materials. The effects of tobacco use, secondhand smoke, and participants’ experiences with smoking were discussed. Participants were counselled about the addictive nature of nicotine, encouraged to examine the pros and cons of smoking, and contemplate quitting behaviour. All participants were provided with nicotine patches. Provider: counsellors Intensity: four in‐person 60‐minute sessions. Frequency unclear Was MI fidelity monitored?: no
Outcomes	Definition of cessation used: 7‐day point prevalence Length of longest follow‐up: 6 months Validation: expired CO was measured; however results by arm not reported and so non‐validated data used. Was mental health and/or well‐being measured at follow‐up?: no Was quality of life measured at follow‐up?: no
Funding source	A grant from the National Cancer Institute Community Network Program (U01CA114582‐02S2)
Author conflicts of interest	"None declared"
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	QUOTE: "Eligible participants/smokers aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned to MI or to the general health – counseling program". No further information provided
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	QUOTE: "Eligible participants/smokers aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned to MI or to the general health – counseling program". No further information provided
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	QUOTE: "All participants were measured by breath CO as cross validation of their smoking status at two timepoints: baseline and 6‐month follow‐up".
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	7/67 (11%) in the MI intervention group, and 10/72 (14%) of the general health control group were lost to follow‐up at 6 months.

^{5As: 'Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange'}

^{5Rs: 'Relevance, Risks, Rewards, Roadblocks, Repetition'
 AHRQ: Agency for Health care Research and Quality
 ALA: American Lung Association
 AMI: adapted motivational interviewing
 BA: brief advice
 CA: continuous abstinence
 CBT: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
 CO: carbon monoxide
 cpd: cigarettes per day
 CT: computerised tomography
 FTND: Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence
 HE: health education
 HII: high intensity intervention
 HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus
 ICC: intraclass correlation
 ITT: intention to treat
 LCD: liquid‐crystal display
 LHCW: lay health care workers
 LII: low intensity intervention
 M: male
 m: month
 MA: meta‐analysis
 ME: motivational enhancement
 MEC: motivationally enhanced counselling
 MET: motivational enhancement therapy
 MFTQ: modified Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire
 MI: motivational interviewing
 MISC: Motivational Interviewing Skill Code
 mp3: Moving Picture Experts Group Layer‐3 Audio (audio file format/extension)
 N: number of participants
 NG:nicotine gum
 NRT: Nicotine replacement therapy
 PA: prolonged abstinence
 PG: placebo gum
 PPA: point prevalence abstinence
 ppm: parts per million
 PTSD: post‐traumatic stress disorder 
 RCT: randomised controlled trial
 REL: progressive muscle relaxation
 RP: relapse prevention
 SBA: structured brief advice
 SC: smoking cessation
 S‐H: self help
 SUD: substance use disorder
 TB: tuberculosis 
 TQD: target quit date
 UC: usual care
 USD: United States dollars
 VHA: Veterans Health Administration}