Table 4.
Factors associated with hypertension among Ghanaians living with HIV on cART and those cART‐naïve
| Predictors | PLWH on cART | PLWH not on cART | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
| Age, each 10 y older | 1.99 (1.44‐2.74) | 2.17 (1.55‐3.03) | 1.92 (1.31‐2.82) | 1.92 (1.26‐2.92) |
| Male sex | 1.35 (0.71‐2.57) | ‐ | 1.27 (0.56‐2.87) | ‐ |
| CD4 T‐cell count, each 100 cells/mm3 higher | 1.05 (0.93‐1.19) | ‐ | 1.15 (1.01‐1.27) | 1.09 (0.96‐1.23) |
| WHO clinical stages, each stage higher | 1.03 (0.80‐1.34) | ‐ | 1.78 (0.90‐3.53) | ‐ |
| Duration of cART exposure in years | 1.00 (0.93‐1.08) | ‐ | N/A | N/A |
| Viral load < 40 copies/mL | 1.47 (0.84‐2.59) | ‐ | 0.83 (0.59‐1.16) a | ‐ |
| Efavirenz‐based cART vs nevirapine‐based cART (referent) | 1.42 (0.83‐2.43) | ‐ | N/A | N/A |
| Family history of hypertension | 1.24 (0.90‐1.70) | ‐ | 1.89 (1.28‐2.78) | 1.72 (1.12‐2.65) |
| Body mass index, each 5 kg/m2 rise | 1.31 (1.03‐1.66) | 1.46(1.13‐1.87) | 1.67 (1.20‐2.32) | 1.47 (1.00‐2.16) |
| Total serum cholesterol > 5.2 mmol/L | 0.61 (0.36‐1.04) | ‐ | 0.63 (0.32‐1.21) | ‐ |
| Total serum triglyceride > 1.70 mmol/L | 0.56 (0.30‐1.06) | ‐ | 0.36 (0.15 ‐ 0.87) | 0.46 (0.18‐1.16) |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate, each 15 mL/min higher | 1.10 (0.75‐1.62) | ‐ | 1.18 (0.94‐1.48) | ‐ |
| Cigarette use | 0.72 (0.24‐2.11) | ‐ | 1.20 (0.31‐4.73) | ‐ |
| Physical activity | 1.04 (0.61‐1.77) | ‐ | 1.11 (0.50‐2.45) | ‐ |
| Table added salt | 1.24 (0.71‐2.16) | ‐ | 0.99 (0.72‐1.35) | ‐ |
| Vegetable servings | 1.02 (0.75‐1.39) | ‐ | 0.95 (0.72‐1.35) | ‐ |
| Fruit servings | 0.93 (0.80‐1.08) | ‐ | 1.10 (0.90‐1.35) | ‐ |
| Alcohol use | 0.56 (0.20‐1.60) | ‐ | 1.84 (0.64‐5.27) | ‐ |
a
Viral load, each log higher. Odds ratio that were significant with P < 0.05 in bold