Table 2:

Association between gastroesophageal reflux disease and chronic temporomandibular disorder using conditional logistic regression, with missing data imputed by multiple imputation

Variable	No. (%) of participants with TMD (cases) n = 1522*	No. (%) of participants without TMD (controls) n = 1522*	Univariable analysis	Multivariable analysis†
			OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
GERD	132 (8.7)	61 (3.5)	2.61 (1.88 to 3.63)	2.74 (1.88 to 3.98)
GERD, duration ≤ 5 yr	61 (4.0)	25 (1.6)	2.60 (1.62 to 4.19)	2.53 (1.47 to 4.35)
GERD, duration > 5 yr	71 (4.7)	28 (1.8)	2.62 (1.69 to 4.07)	2.90 (1.80 to 4.69)

Note: CI = confidence interval, GERD = gastroesophageal reflux disease, OR = odds ratio, TMD = temporomandibular disorder.

^*Adjusted for age, sex, residence, body mass index, education, marital status, smoking status, alcohol consumption, tea consumption, coffee consumption, teeth clenching or grinding during sleep and teeth clenching or grinding during waking hours.