Figure 1. Changes in parameters related to glucose metabolism and WBC.

(a) Insulinemia, (b) Glycemia, (c) Insulin Resistance score, (d) Insulin Sensitivity, (e) DDPIV activity (f) and With blood cell count. Differential values (MD and MD from placebo) are expressed as mean + SEM, either as raw data or as percentages. Bars represent mean change from baseline value per group, with their standard errors. Mann-Whitney tests or unpaired T-tests were performed to compare differential values of both treated groups versus the Placebo group (inter-group changes), according to the distribution. The respective P value are indicated in the table and when the test is significative, bars are marked by * symbol. Lines represent raw values before and after 3 months of supplementation. Distribution of values within each group for each timing is illustrated by a box and whisker. In the box plots, the line in the middle of the box is plotted at the median, the inferior and superior limit of the box correspond to the 25^th and the 75^th percentiles respectively. The whiskers correspond to the minimum and maximum value. Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed ranks tests or Paired T-tests were performed to verify changes from baseline (intra-group changes), according to the distribution. When the difference is significative, a capped line is marked above the concerned group with the corresponding P value. Changes between 0 and 3 months across the 3 groups were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis or One-way ANOVA according to the distribution and group-wise comparisons were performed using Bonferroni and Tuckey’s adjustment for multiple testing, respectively. When the difference is significative, a line is marked above the concerned groups with the corresponding P value. DPPIV, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV ; MD, Mean Difference; WBC, white blood cells. Placebo, n = 11; Pasteurized, n =12; Alive, n=9 for all parameters except for WBC : Placebo, n = 11; Pasteurized, n =11; Alive, n=8. All tests were performed in two-tailed. *P < 0.05.