Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of the subjects
| PnVAF (n = 50) | LSPnVAF (n = 81) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 50) | Sinus rhythm (n = 16) | AF recurrence (n = 34) | p value* | Total (n = 81) | Sinus rhythm (n = 38) | AF recurrence (n = 43) | p value* | |
| Female, n (%) | 18 (36) | 6 (38) | 12 (35) | 0.88 | 37 (46) | 20 (52) | 17 (39) | 0.23 |
| Age (years) | 68.4 ± 10.2 | 69.6 ± 8.9 | 67.9 ± 10.9 | 0.57 | 66.5 ± 13.1 | 63.7 ± 14.9 | 69.0 ± 10.9 | 0.12 |
| Weight (kg) | 73.5 ± 10.2 | 69.4 ± 8.3 | 75.5 ± 10.5 | 0.04 | 76.0 ± 11.5 | 75.0 ± 10.6 | 76.8 ± 12.3 | 0.47 |
| Height (m) | 1.60 ± 0.09 | 1.59 ± 0.09 | 1.61 ± 0.08 | 0.55 | 1.62 ± 0.09 | 1.62 ± 0.08 | 1.62 ± 0.10 | 0.93 |
| BSA (m2) | 1.79 ± 0.15 | 1.74 ± 0.13 | 1.82 ± 0.16 | 0.09 | 1.83 ± 0.18 | 1.81 ± 0.16 | 1.84 ± 0.20 | 0.49 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.5 ± 3.9 | 27.4 ± 4.3 | 29 ± 3.6 | 0.16 | 28.6 ± 3.2 | 28.4 ± 3.5 | 28.8 ± 2.9 | 0.63 |
| AF lasted (months) | 6 (3–11) | 5 (3–11) | 6 (3–11) | 0.20 | 18 (13–120) | 18 (13–120) | 18 (13–120) | 0.58 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 14 (28) | 4 (25) | 10 (29) | 0.74 | 20 (25) | 5 (13) | 15 (34) | 0.02 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 47 (94) | 14 (87) | 33 (97) | 0.23 | 68 (84) | 30 (79) | 38 (89) | 0.24 |
| Smokers, n (%) | 17 (34) | 5 (31) | 12 (35) | 0.77 | 29 (36) | 16 (42) | 13 (30) | 0.26 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 9 (18) | 3 (19) | 6 (18) | 0.92 | 18 (22) | 12 (32) | 6 (14) | 0.06 |
| ACEI, n (%) | 17 (34) | 6 (38) | 11 (32) | 0.72 | 33 (41) | 15 (39) | 18 (42) | 0.82 |
| ARBs, n (%) | 18 (36) | 4 (25) | 14 (41) | 0.26 | 30 (37) | 15 (39) | 15 (35) | 0.66 |
| Spironolactone, n (%) | 5 (10) | 1 (6) | 4 (12) | 0.55 | 10 (12) | 5 (13) | 5 (12) | 0.83 |
| Statins, n (%) | 10 (20) | 3 (19) | 7 (21) | 0.88 | 19 (23) | 11 (29) | 8 (19) | 0.27 |
The continuous variables were described according to their distribution (mean ± standard deviation, mean and range) while the qualitative ones were expressed as frequencies and percentages
PnVAF persistent non-valvular atrial fibrillation, LSPnVAF long standing persistent non-valvular atrial fibrillation, AF atrial fibrillation, BSA body surface area, BMI body mass index, ACEI angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, ARBs angiotensin II receptor blockers
*Chi squared, Fisher’s exact test, Student’s t test or U Mann–Whitney according to their distribution