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. 2019 Aug 19;9:12003. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-48558-7

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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CXCL1 is upregulated in mouse DRG neurons after MOG_35–55 immunization. (a,b) Time course of mechanical allodynia (a) and clinical score (b) in MOG_35–55-immunized mice. n = 8 mice per group, two-way repeated measures ANOVA, F_{(1, 210) MOG35–55 treatment} = 1145, ***P < 0.001 in (a); n = 5 mice per group, two-way repeated measures ANOVA, F_{(1,208) MOG35–55 treatment} = 279, ***P < 0.001 in (b). (c) Neutrophil accumulation in the DRG 5 days after EAE induction in mice. Arrowheads indicate MPO (myeloperoxidase, red) and NE (neutrophil elastase, green) double-positive cells. The bottom images show enlarged images of the insets. DIC; differential interference contrast. Scale bar = 50 μm. Columns represent statistical data of neutrophil density in the DRG 5 days after MOG_35–55 immunization. n = 5 mice per group, unpaired t-test, ***P < 0.001. (d) Immunoblot shows protein levels of CXCL1 in the DRG 5 days after MOG_35–55 immunization. Columns represent statistical data of CXCL1 protein levels normalized to β-actin. n = 5 mice per group, unpaired t-test, ***P = 0.0003. (e) Fluorescent images of CXCL1 (green) and Nissl (red) in the DRG 5 days after MOG_35–55 immunization. Scale bar = 50 μm. Columns represent statistical data of fluorescence intensity (FI) of CXCL1 in the DRG neurons. n = 5 mice per group, unpaired t-test, ***P < 0.001. All values are the mean ± SEM.