Table 3.
Faecal calprotectin, faecal zonulin and serum LPS for patients with PPI-associated dysbiosis. Data is given as Median and 95% confidence interval.
| PPI use with dysbiosis | PPI use without dysbiosis | No PPI use | Adjusted p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Streptococcus salivarius dysbiosis | ||||
| N | 32 | 18 | 50 | |
| Calprotectin (ng/mg) | 271 (206–394) | 59 (32–206) | 17 (12–65) | ap < 0.001, bp = 0.059, cp = 0.012 |
| Zonulin (ng/mg) | 85 (71–102) | 83 (62–97) | 69 (51–78) | ap = 0.019, bp = 0.165, cp > 0.999 |
| LPS (EU/ml) | 3 (0–9) | 0 (2–7) | 0 (0–1) | ap = 0.032, bp = 0.116, cp > 0.999 |
| Veillonella parvula dysbiosis | ||||
| N | 30 | 20 | 50 | |
| Calprotectin (ng/mg) | 218 (167–348) | 206 (48–318) | 17 (12–65) | ap < 0.001, bp < 0.001, cp = 0.961 |
| Zonulin (ng/mg) | 84 (65–100) | 84 (71–102) | 69 (51–78) | ap = 0.035, bp = 0.074, cp > 0.999 |
| LPS (EU/ml) | 3 (1–12) | 1 (0–7) | 0 (0–1) | ap = 0.009, bp = 0.333, cp > 0.999 |
| Streptococcus (genus) dysbiosis | ||||
| N | 31 | 19 | 50 | |
| Calprotectin (ng/mg) | 270 (183–406) | 167 (32–264) | 17 (12–65) | ap = 0.005, bp < 0.001, cp = 0.100 |
| Zonulin (ng/mg) | 90 (71–109) | 83 (47–97) | 69 (51–78) | ap = 0.005, bp = 0.465, cp = 0.710 |
| LPS (EU/ml) | 2 (0–7) | 3 (0–12) | 0 (0–1) | ap = 0.096, bp = 0.025, cp > 0.999 |
PPI: proton pump inhibitor; adenotes differences between patients with PPI use with dysbiosis and patients without PPI use; bdenotes differences between patients with PPI use without dysbiosis and patients without PPI use; cdenotes differences between patients with PPI use with and without dysbiosis.