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. 2019 Aug 19;9:11982. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-47322-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) Comparison of K6 distributions between 1997 and 2017 groups. The two graphs for 1997 and 2017 appear as a single graph as they almost completely overlapped. (b) On a log-normal scale, the distributions for 1997 and 2017 exhibited a linear pattern with similar gradients on a log-normal scale, indicating that K6 total scores for the two groups followed an exponential pattern with similar rate parameters on a normal scale. As indicated by arrows, at the lower end, distributions for all groups exhibited higher frequencies compared to those predicted from the exponential pattern. Auxiliary lines indicate the cut-points for moderate and severe psychological distress (a score of 5 and 13, respectively).