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. 2019 Aug 19;9:12055. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-48538-x

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Blocking α4 integrin reduces endogenous leukocyte rolling in the cerebral vessels of 3xTg-AD mice. (a) Representative EIVM images using an analog camera to record the rolling of endogenous leukocytes labeled with Rhodamine 6 G in the cerebral blood vessels of 3xTg-AD mice before (left panel, Untreated) and after (right panel, Anti-α4) i.v. injection into the lateral tail vein with a blocking antibody against α4 integrin. (b) Manual analysis of leukocyte rolling before (Untreated) and after 30 min of treatment with a blocking antibody against α4 integrin or an isotype control antibody shows a reduction in the percentage of rolling cells after treatment compared to the control acquisition, set at 100% (*P < 0.05, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test). The isotype control antibody showed no significant effect on rolling. Bars show the percentage of interacting cells in the same venule over the course of 1 min. At least three vessels per mouse were analysed and three animals were tested for each condition. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3 mice (F) for all experimental conditions).