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. 2019 Aug 19;9:12017. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-48453-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The extraction efficiency of d4-alanine in six different extraction solvents for adult (a) and baby (b) giant panda feces. d4-alanine was quantified after being spiked directly into the derivatisation chemical (standard in solvent) and levels were compared to d4-alanine levels in the feces samples following different extraction methods (black horizontal lines). The values of d4-alanine were adjusted relative to the levels in the standard in solvent (set to 100%). Four experimental replicates were measured for each extraction method. The distributions of the boxplots are minimum, 25^th percentile, median, 75^th percentile, and maximum (from bottom to top direction). Dots are outliers (above or below the median by more than 1.5 times the interquartile range).