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. 2019 Aug 19;9:12017. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-48453-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Representative total ion chromatograms (TIC) of the fecal metabolome for adult (a) and baby (b) giant pandas, using six different exaction solvents. The coefficient of variation (CV) of four highly abundant chromatographic peaks were calculated for adult (c: lactic acid, 10,13-dimethyltetradecanoic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, stearic acid) and baby giant pandas (d: myristic acid, 10,13-dimethyltetradecanoic acid, stearic acid, arachidonic acid). ACN (100%); acetonitrile: chloroform in 3:1 ratio (ACN:CHCl₃(3:1)); 80% methanol (MeOH (80%)); 100% methanol (MeOH (100%)); methanol: chloroform in 3:1 ratio (MeOH:CHCl₃(3:1)); isopropanol: acetonitrile: water in 3:2:2 ratio (APN:ACN:H₂O (3:2:2)).