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. 2019 Aug 19;9:12017. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-48453-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The dot-line graphs show the total concentrations of metabolites in each metabolic biochemical class across six different extraction solvents for adult (a) and baby (b) giant panda feces. Each dot represents a sample concentration. Red dots: ACN (100%); green dots: MeOH (100%); blue dots: MeOH (80%); cyan dots: ACN:CHCl₃ (3:1); purple dots: IPA:ACN:H₂O (3:2:2); yellow dots: MeOH:CHCl₃ (3:1). The vertical lines are the standard deviation of each extraction method. The metabolite concentrations were standardized to Z-scores.