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. 2019 Aug 13;10:883. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00883

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Copyright © 2019 Liu, Peng, Zhang, Wang and Luo.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Possible frameworks for exploring crosstalk between the GM and human brain. (A) Examples of distinct MRI maps: DTI, SWI, ASL, BOLD, FC, and MRS (from left to right). (B) Analysis of the GM, including composition and function. (C) Explorations of the direct association between the GM and human brain imaging. (D) Combining other “omics” techniques, such as metabolomics and proteomics, to generate a complete picture of host and microbial pathways. DTI, Diffusion Tensor Imaging; SWI, Susceptibility Weighted Imaging; ASL, Arterial Spin Labeling; BOLD, blood oxygenation level dependent; FC, functional connection; MRS, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; BBB, blood-brain barrier; GI, gastro-intestinal; GM, gut microbiota; PICRUSt, Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States.