Table 1.
DCs and their related populations in the intestine.
| Subsets (location) | Progenitors in blood | Transcription factors | Cytokines | Functions | Selected references |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CD103+CD11b− XCR1+cDC1 (LP) |
Pre-cDC | Zbtb46 Batf3 Irf8 Id2 |
Flt3L | CD8+ T cell generation CD4+CD8αα+ IEL generation Th1 generation Treg generation Cross-presentation CCR9/α4β7 expression |
(12, 20–24) |
| CD103+CD11b+ SIRPα+ cDC2 (LP) |
Pre-cDC | Zbtb46 Irf4 Klf4 Notch2 |
Flt3L | Th17 generation Th2 generation IgA+ B cell generation Treg generation |
(25–29) |
| CD103−CD11b+ SIRPα+ cDC2 (LP) |
Pre-cDC | Zbtb46 Zeb2 |
Flt3L | Th17 generation | (30, 31) |
| CD11CintB220+ Singlec H+ pDC (LP, PP, MLN) |
pDC | E2-2 | Flt3L | Treg generation IgA+ B cell generation |
(30, 32, 33) |
| Monocyte-derived CX3CR1+ DC (LP, PP) |
Ly6C+ monocyte | Runx3 Irf4 Pu.1 |
CSF1 CSF2 |
Th1 generation | (34–41) |
| Monocyte-derived Tip-DC (LP, PP) |
Ly6C+ monocyte | (*) | CSF1 CSF2 |
IgA+ B cell generation | (42, 43) |
Only intestinal DC subsets whose origin, transcription factors, cytokines necessary for differentiation and functions are clear are listed.
*
Transcription factors required for Tip-DCs development remain unclear. LP, lamina propria; MLN, mesenteric lymph nodes; PP, Peyer's patches.