TABLE 3.

Dietary intake before and after an AD and HD in hyperinsulinemic adults¹

	AD		HD		Changes between groups repeated
	0 wk	6 wk	0 wk	6 wk	P value
Food groups
Dairy products, servings/d	2.9 ± 2.1	2.3 ± 1.2	2.6 ± 1.9	5.8 ± 2	0.0005*†
Fruits, servings/d	2.6 ± 2.4	2.2 ± 2	2.2 ± 2	2.1 ± 1.4	0.67*
Vegetables, servings/d	3.7 ± 2.3	3.3 ± 2.3	3.8 ± 3.8	3.2 ± 1.7	0.74*
Grains and cereals, servings/d	4.7 ± 2.6	4.4 ± 2.2	4.6 ± 2.5	4 ± 2.2	0.63
Meat and substitutes, servings/d	3.1 ± 1.6	3 ± 1.4	2.9 ± 1.4	2.5 ± 1.2	0.17
Dietary intake
Fat, % kcal/d	36.2 ± 4.8	36.2 ± 6.7	36.1 ± 6	34.8 ± 4.9	0.47
SFAs, % kcal/d	12.7 ± 2.9	12.3 ± 3.7	12.6 ± 3.1	14.3 ± 3.4	0.17*
MUFAs, % kcal/d	14.4 ± 2.1	14.5 ± 2.9	14.2 ± 2.5	12.9 ± 2	0.06
PUFAs, % kcal/d	6.3 ± 1.5	6.6 ± 1.5	6.5 ± 1.9	5.1 ± 1	0.02*
Protein, % kcal/d	17.8 ± 4.4	17.4 ± 4.2	17.9 ± 3.1	19.9 ± 3.5	0.20
Carbohydrate, % kcal/d	45.3 ± 6.9	45 ± 8.4	45.7 ± 7.4	44.9 ± 6.4	0.79
Energy, kcal/d	2384 ± 1095	2098 ± 762	2193 ± 1029	2439 ± 888	0.64
Cholesterol, mg/d	316 ± 170	280 ± 107	278 ± 125	323 ± 139	0.96
Dietary fibers, g/d	24.1 ± 10.1	22.5 ± 11.2	23.5 ± 13.6	22.2 ± 10.1	0.70*
Vitamin D, µg/d	27.6 ± 30.6	27.2 ± 34.4	24.4 ± 26.9	28.3 ± 31.7	0.93
Calcium, mg/d	1368 ± 739	1156 ± 408	1283 ± 707	2196 ± 651	0.002*†
Potassium, mg/d	3715 ± 1345	3353 ± 1251	3560 ± 1686	4211 ± 1222	0.11*
Sodium, mg/d	3199 ± 1539	2801 ± 1001	3061 ± 1458	3494 ± 1223	0.23*

¹ n = 27. Values are means ± SDs. Differences between groups after 6 wk were analyzed using a mixed model with treatment, visit, and treatment × visit as fixed attributes adjusted for age, sex, and BMI, with subjects as the random statement and visits as the repeated statement. ^*P < 0.05 for treatment × visit; ^†P < 0.05 for visit. AD, adequate dairy product intake; HD, high dairy product intake.