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. 2019 Aug 13;10:1897. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01897

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Copyright © 2019 Shevtsova, Vergnaud, Shevtsov, Shustov, Berdimuratova, Mukanov, Syzdykov, Kuznetsov, Lukhnova, Izbanova, Filipenko and Ramankulov.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Maximum parsimony analysis using MLVA16 for 1152 genotype 116 B. melitensis strains isolated from humans in Kazakhstan. The color code reflect the geographic origin of the strains (South: Almaty, Qyzylorda, Zhambyl, South-Kazakhstan; West: Aqtobe, Atyrau, West Kazakhstan; East: East Kazakhstan; North: Akmola, Kostanay, Karaganda, Pavlodar, North Kazakhstan). Inset: color code by region for a subset of the most frequent MLVA16 genotypes showing their wide geographic spreading. Branch lengths correspond to one up to two differences among the 16 values constituting the MLVA16 genotype.