Table 2.
| Risk Factor | Predicting SMA/NMA1 | Predicting SMA/DMA1 | Predicting DMA/NMA1 | |||
| Young-Old | Old-Old | Young-Old | Old-Old | Young-Old | Old-Old | |
| Non-modifiable Demographic | ||||||
| Age3 | Younger | |||||
| Sex2,6 | Female | Female | Female | Female | ||
| Functional | ||||||
| Pulse Pressure5 | ||||||
| Peak Expiratory Flow2 | Lower | |||||
| Grip Strength4 | Lower | Higher | ||||
| Body Mass Index2 | Higher | Higher | ||||
| Heart Rate4 | Higher | Lower | Higher | |||
| Gait4 | Faster | Slower | ||||
| Balance5 | ||||||
| Psychological | ||||||
| Depressive Symptoms2 | Fewer | |||||
| Subjective Health5 | ||||||
| Lifestyle/Reserve | ||||||
| Living Status2 | Cohabiting | Cohabiting | ||||
| Education2,6 | More | More | More | More | ||
| Physical Activity5 | ||||||
| Novel Cognitive Activity4,6 | More | More | Fewer | Fewer | ||
| Social Activity4 | More | More | Fewer | |||
| Self-Maintenance Activity4 | More | Fewer | ||||
1 Predicting the first status against the benchmark. 2 Unique to SMA. 3 Unique to DMA. 4 Both SMA and DMA. 5 Not a significant predictor. 6 Most common predictors. SMA, stable memory aging; NMA, normal memory aging; DMA, declining memory aging.