Table 2.
Mean difference between the indoor and outdoor protocols regarding total number of behavioral responses
Function sub-categories | Behavioral Responses | Mean | SD | Multiple correction p-value |
Auditory | Reaction to a simple command | 2.13 | 4.18 | <0.001*** |
Reaction to a semi-complex command | 0.08 | 0.51 | 1.711 | |
Reaction to a complex command | 0.00 | 0.00 | 4.74 | |
Head orients toward an auditory stimulus | 0.47 | 2.42 | 0.35 | |
Eyes orient toward an auditory stimulus | 0.56 | 2.42 | <0.005** | |
Eyes opening in response to an auditory stimulus | 0.03 | 0.52 | 5.52 | |
Eyes opening on command | 0.05 | 0.56 | 4.424 | |
Reaction when addressed by own name | 0.34 | 1.28 | <0.001*** | |
Visual | Spontaneous exploration/fixation of an object | 0.44 | 3.25 | 2.304 |
Exploration/fixation of an object on command | 0.48 | 3.28 | 1.792 | |
Visual pursuit of an object on command | 0.16 | 0.90 | 0.296 | |
Spontaneous exploration/fixation of an individual (person) | 0.67 | 4.27 | 1.333 | |
Exploration/fixation of an individual on command | 0.74 | 2.44 | <0.001*** | |
Spontaneous visual pursuit of a moving object or individual | 1.01 | 5.94 | 0.594 | |
Pursuit of an individual on command | 0.02 | 0.15 | 2.369 | |
Spontaneous designation of an object | 0.00 | 0.00 | 4 | |
Motor | Designation of an object on command | 0.00 | 0.00 | 3 |
Choice of an object on command | 0.01 | 0.11 | 5.088 | |
Spontaneous seizing of an object | 0.30 | 1.59 | 0.408 | |
Seizing of an object on command | 0.29 | 1.68 | 0.992 | |
Spontaneous movement related to an object/task/individual | 1.90 | 4.34 | <0.001*** | |
Movement on command | 2.38 | 6.10 | <0.001*** | |
Imitation of a movement | 0.20 | 1.44 | 2.052 | |
Eyes open on tactile stimulus | 0.07 | 0.91 | 4.667 | |
Oro-motor | Teeth grinding | 0.01 | 0.08 | 3.135 |
Yawning | 0.26 | 1.27 | 0.324 | |
Sighing | 0.37 | 2.77 | 2.225 | |
Smiling/laughing | 0.13 | 0.83 | 1.333 | |
Frowning/gesturing | 0.01 | 1.37 | 5.082 | |
Spontaneous swallowing | 0.56 | 1.56 | <0.001*** | |
Swallowing on command | 0.02 | 0.61 | 5.184 | |
Communication | Response following an established communication code | 0.26 | 2.11 | 2.331 |
Spontaneous audible vocalization | 0.05 | 0.67 | 5.088 | |
Spontaneous audible production of a word | 0.17 | 1.36 | 2.369 | |
Spontaneous audible production of a simple or complex sentence | 0.04 | 2.05 | 5.082 | |
Audible vocalization on command | 0.12 | 1.32 | 4.641 | |
Audible production of a word on command | 0.23 | 2.68 | 4.624 | |
Audible production of a simple or complex sentence on command | 0.11 | 2.90 | 5.256 | |
Non-audible diction | 0.23 | 2.10 | 3 | |
Raising the voice | 0.02 | 0.15 | 2.052 | |
Attention | Attention on a stimulus held for 5 secs, at least 3× during the whole activity | 0.01 | 0.11 | 5.52 |
Distracting stimulus self-inhibited | 0.01 | 0.08 | 2 | |
Distracting stimulus (max 10 secs) and resuming the task without external stimulation | 0.01 | 0.08 | 4.806 | |
Distracting stimulus (max 10 secs) and resuming the task with external stimulation | 0.02 | 0.17 | 4.806 |
Results are presented as mean±standard deviation of the difference in the number of behavioral responses between outdoor and indoor conditions; **significant at p < 0.005; ***significant at p < 0.001.