Table 1.
Animal sample (stools/meat) collection and isolation of NTS and S. enterica Kentucky
|
State |
Location |
Approached |
Sampled |
No. of samples collected |
No. of NTS isolated |
No. of S . enterica Kentucky isolated |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Farms |
Shops |
Chicken farms/shops |
Pig farms/shops |
Goat farms/shops* |
Chicken stool†/ meat |
Pig stool†/meat |
Goat stool†/meat |
Chicken stool/ meat |
Pig stool/ meat |
Goat stool/ meat |
Chicken stool/ meat |
Pig stool/ meat |
Goat stool/ meat |
||
|
Haryana |
Barwala‡ |
5 |
8 |
2/6 |
0§ |
2/2 |
9/6 |
0/0 |
2/2 |
0/0 |
0/0 |
0/0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Punjab |
Patiala |
9 |
12 |
2/9 |
2/4 |
1/5 |
12/9 |
7/4 |
2/5 |
0/0 |
0/0 |
0/0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Ropar‡ |
4 |
22 |
4/15 |
3/7 |
3/15 |
114/15 |
10/7 |
6/18 |
17/0 |
0/0 |
0/0 |
8/0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
Mohali/Balongi‡ |
6 |
18 |
4/7 |
2/3 |
6/3 |
56/7 |
7/3 |
12/3 |
5/0 |
1/0 |
0/0 |
4/0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
Sangrur |
3 |
5 |
2/4 |
1/1 |
0/2 |
10/4 |
3/1 |
0/2 |
0/0 |
0/0 |
0/0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
Samana |
5 |
3 |
2/3 |
0/0 |
1/3 |
13/3 |
0/0 |
2/3 |
2/1 |
0/0 |
0/0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
Anandpur Sahib |
4 |
8 |
1/2 |
0/0 |
2/2 |
30/2 |
0/0 |
2/2 |
0/0 |
0/0 |
0/0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
Kurali‡ |
9 |
18 |
3/11 |
2/1 |
5/4 |
58/11 |
5/1 |
9/4 |
3/0 |
1/1 |
0/0 |
3/0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
Himachal Pradesh |
Nahan |
7 |
3 |
4/4 |
0/0§ |
2/4 |
27/4 |
0/0 |
9/6 |
1/1 |
0/0 |
0/0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Kangra |
4 |
3 |
2/3 |
0/0§ |
2/4 |
7/3 |
0/0 |
5/4 |
0/0 |
0/0 |
0/0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
Hamirpur |
5 |
2 |
1/3 |
0/0§ |
3/6 |
4/3 |
0/0 |
3/7 |
0/0 |
0/0 |
0/1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
Chandigarh |
Slaughterhouse|| |
0¶ |
Sampled once per week for 30 weeks from March 2014 to October 2014 |
0/0 |
25/135 |
38/135 |
0/0 |
20/29 |
7/2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|||
|
Sector 21 market# |
0 |
10 |
0/9 |
0# |
0# |
0/10 |
0/0 |
0/0 |
0/0 |
0/0 |
0/0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
Total |
|
61 |
112 |
27/75 |
8/16 |
27/50 |
340/77 |
57/151 |
90/191 |
28/2 |
22/30 |
7/3 |
15/0 |
0 |
0/2 |
*Goat farms in these areas usually have 5 to 15 animals, from which we sampled 1–3 animals. For goat meat, 250 g meat was bought from 1 to 2 animals from each shop depending on the availability of the animals.
†Freshly passed stool samples were collected at all places except for the slaughterhouse, where we had access to intestinal contents.
‡Poultry farms in these regions are organized big commercial farms with a capacity of 10000–15000 birds, where we sampled 25–30 birds from each of the farms. Other farms sampled were moderate sized with a capacity of 2000–3000 birds, from these 4–5 birds were sampled from each farm. For chicken meat, one bird per vendor was bought from the meat shops in the same area.
§No pig farms were located in this region. Pig rearing is a budding industry in North India and pig meat is consumed by a small population. Farm size usually varies between 5 and 15 animals and most of the pigs reared in this region are transported to north-eastern states of India where pork is vastly consumed. We collected stool samples from 2 to 4 animals per farm.
||The slaughterhouse in Chandigarh functions under the jurisdiction of the Municipal Corporation Chandigarh. It is a mechanized abattoir where goats and pigs are slaughtered, the meat is checked by a food inspector and then transported to the shops in a controlled-temperature transport system. This mechanical abattoir serves the regions of Chandigarh, Punjab and Haryana, and up to 200–250 animals are slaughtered in a day.
¶Chicken is not slaughtered at the slaughterhouse in Chandigarh.
#The sector 21 market is a poultry and fish market, meat from other animals is not available here.