. 2019 Aug 20;27:37. doi: 10.1186/s12998-019-0256-9

Table 1.

Characteristics of the included studies

First author, publication year	No. randomised, (dropouts, if applicable)	Age in years (mean and SD or range)	Treatment duration; No. of treatments	Intervention protocol	Comparator	Outcome measures
Anand 2013 [37]	I: 15 (NS) C: 15 (NS)	40–70	3 days; 3	MET + CPT	CPT	6MWT CCQ Borg scale
Sule 2017 [35]	Total: 30 (NS)	40–60	NS; NS	MET	Sham + CPT	FEV₁
Wada 2016 [36]	I: 15 (1) C: 15 (1)	I: 61 (5.4) C: 64 (5.6)	12 weeks; 24	MET + exercise	Sham + exercise	6MWT Modified Borg scale

First author, publication year

No. randomised, (dropouts, if applicable)

Age in years (mean and SD or range)

Treatment duration; No. of treatments

Intervention protocol

Comparator

Outcome measures

Anand 2013

[37]

I: 15 (NS)

C: 15 (NS)

40–70

3 days; 3

MET + CPT

CPT

6MWT

CCQ

Borg scale

Sule 2017

[35]

Total: 30 (NS)

40–60

NS; NS

MET

Sham + CPT

FEV₁

Wada 2016

[36]

I: 15 (1)

C: 15 (1)

I: 61 (5.4)

C: 64 (5.6)

12 weeks; 24

MET + exercise

Sham + exercise

6MWT

Modified Borg scale

Abbreviations: CCQ Clinical COPD Questionnaire, C control group, CPT conventional chest physiotherapy, FEV₁ forced expiratory volume in one second, I intervention group, MET muscle energy technique, NS not specified, SD standard deviation, 6MWT six-minute walk test