Table 10.

Results of ordinary least squares (OLS) and quantile regression

Ln TTC	OLS	QR_10	QR_25	QR_50	QR_75	QR_90	QR_98
AGE	− 0.004c	0.006a	0.006c	−0.003b	− 0.005c	− 0.010c	−0.011c
	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.002)
LOS	.031c	0.037c	0.037c	0.038c	0.036c	0.027c	0.025c
	(0.002)	(0.003)	(0.003)	(0.003)	(0.002)	(0.003)	(0.003)
R reimbursement rate	0.427c	0.528c	0.528c	0.541c	0.669c	0.881c	1.233c
	(0.060)	(0.087)	(0.087)	(0.064)	(0.061)	(0.080)	(0.099)
OOP	0.000007c	0.00001c	0.00001c	0.00006c	0.00009c	0.0002c	0.0002c
	(0.000)	(0.000)	(0.000)	(0.000)	(0.000)	(0.000)	(0.000)
GENDER
Male	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Female	−0.248c	−0.0985b	−0.0985b	−0.265c	− 0.239c	− 0.328c	− 0.368c
	(0.034)	(0.049)	(0.049)	(0.036)	(0.035)	(0.045)	(0.056)
AREA
Eastern Area	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central Area	0.312c	0.0154	0.0154	0.0278	0.139b	0.260c	0.140
	(0.069)	(0.099)	(0.099)	(0.073)	(0.070)	(0.091)	(0.114)
Western Area	−0.092a	− 0.182b	−0.182b	−0.133b	− 0.086	0.060	− 0.010
	(0.053)	(0.076)	(0.076)	(0.056)	(0.0541)	(0.070)	(0.088)
CITY LEVEL
Level 1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Level 2	−0.335c	−0.317c	− 0.317c	− 0.131b	−0.120b	− 0.158b	−0.361c
	(0.050)	(0.072)	(0.072)	(0.053)	(0.051)	(0.066)	(0.082)
Level 3	−0.623c	− 0.548c	−0.548c	− 0.288c	−0.295c	− 0.460c	−0.570c
	(0.060)	(0.086)	(0.086)	(0.063)	(0.061)	(0.080)	(0.099)
Level 4	−0.794c	− 0.661c	−0.661c	− 0.625c	−0.561c	− 0.825c	−0.875c
	(0.075)	(0.108)	(0.108)	(0.080)	(0.077)	(0.100)	(0.124)
VISIT TYPE
Inpatient	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Outpatient	−3.611c	−4.067c	−4.067c	−3.222c	−2.441c	−1.935c	−1.597c
	(0.050)	(0.072)	(0.072)	(0.053)	(0.051)	(0.067)	(0.083)
INSURANCE TYPE
UEMBI	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
URMBI	−0.0443	− 0.118	− 0.118	− 0.0305	0.117b	0.0607	0.0736
	(0.051)	(0.073)	(0.073)	(0.054)	(0.052)	(0.068)	(0.084)
INSTITUTION TYPE
Class III hospital	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Class II hospital	−0.0593	− 0.00363	− 0.00363	0.00649	− 0.117b	− 0.138a	− 0.175a
	(0.051)	(0.073)	(0.073)	(0.054)	(0.052)	(0.068)	(0.084)
Class I hospital	0.604c	0.723c	0.723c	0.486c	0.168c	0.635c	0.861c
	(0.0595)	(0.0859)	(0.0859)	(0.0631)	(0.0609)	(0.0790)	(0.0986)
Hospital for special
General hospital	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Special hospital	0.0876a	0.123a	0.123a	0.112b	−0.0400	− 0.0733	− 0.195c
	(0.056)	(0.080)	(0.080)	(0.059)	(0.057)	(0.074)	(0.092)
Clinic & Community	−1.200c	−1.546c	−1.546c	−0.842c	− 0.754c	−1.370c	− 1.884c
	(0.060)	(0.086)	(0.086)	(0.063)	(0.061)	(0.079)	(0.099)
Pay-by-DRGs
Yes	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
No	−0.307c	− 0.314c	− 0.314c	− 0.477c	− 0.382c	−0.238c	− 0.181b
	(0.047)	(0.068)	(0.068)	(0.050)	(0.048)	(0.063)	(0.079)
cons	9.398c	8.282c	8.282c	8.967c	9.112c	9.385c	9.651c
	(0.086)	(0.125)	(0.125)	(0.092)	(0.088)	(0.115)	(0.143)
No.Obs	7747	7747	7747	7747	7747	7747	7747
R2	0.617
Pseudo R2		0.351	0.389	0.447	0.490	0.466	0.476

Note: as TTC was abnormal distribution, ln TTC was used to make the variable normalized

Standard errors in parentheses

^a Significant at the 90% level., ^b Significant at the 95% level, ^c Significant at the 99% level