Table 12.

Results of ordinary least squares (OLS) and quantile regression for outpatients

Ln TTC	OLS	QR_10	QR_25	QR_50	QR_75	QR_90	QR_98
AGE	−0.003c	− 0.00004	0.005c	− 0.003a	− 0.003c	− 0.002a	− 0.008c
	(0.041)	(0.003)	(0.00171)	(0.002)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.002)
R reimbursement rate	0.789c	0.262	0.634c	0.972c	1.486c	1.716c	1.956c
	(0.066)	(0.142)	(0.0979)	(0.082)	(0.056)	(0.067)	(0.110)
OOP	0.0010c	0.0008c	0.0011c	0.0017c	0.0024c	0.0024c	0.0020c
	(0.00003)	(0.00004)	(0.00007)	(0.0002)	(0.0002)	(0.0002)	(0.0001)
GENDER
Male	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Female	−0.213c	−0.184a	−0.075	− 0.270c	− 0.196c	− 0.159c	− 0.338c
	(0.041)	(0.106)	(0.056)	(0.050)	(0.035)	(0.046)	(0.049)
AREA
Eastern Area	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central Area	1.711c	2.312c	1.851c	1.320c	1.105c	0.673c	0.431c
	(0.133)	(0.345)	(0.182)	(0.162)	(0.112)	(0.150)	(0.159)
Western Area	−0.436c	−0.694c	−0.644c	−0.496c	−0.488c	0.0261	0.151
	(0.093)	(0.240)	(0.127)	(0.113)	(0.078)	(0.105)	(0.111)
CITY LEVEL
Level 1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Level 2	−0.328c	−0.836c	−0.320c	−0.0901	− 0.0418	−0.0485	0.0788
	(0.054)	(0.141)	(0.074)	(0.066)	(0.046)	(0.061)	(0.065)
Level 3	−1.096c	−1.854c	−1.312c	−0.770c	−0.450c	− 0.254c	−0.253c
	(0.079)	(0.206)	(0.109)	(0.097)	(0.067)	(0.090)	(0.095)
Level 4	−0.507c	− 0.32	−0.434c	− 0.418c	−0.180b	− 0.409c	−0.495c
	(0.108)	(0.281)	(0.149)	(0.132)	(0.092)	(0.123)	(0.129)
INSURANCE TYPE
UEMBI	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
URMBI	−0.131a	−0.851c	−0.722c	−0.175b	0.107a	0.267c	0.147a
	(0.070)	(0.182)	(0.096)	(0.086)	(0.060)	(0.080)	(0.084)
INSTITUTION TYPE
Class III hospital	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Class II hospital	0.138a	0.678c	0.635c	0.12	0.00232	0.0657	−0.230c
	(0.074)	(0.191)	(0.101)	(0.090)	(0.062)	(0.083)	(0.088)
Class I hospital	0.670c	0.844c	0.606c	0.425c	0.336c	0.478c	0.219c
	(0.063)	(0.163)	(0.086)	(0.077)	(0.053)	(0.071)	(0.075)
Hospital for special
General hospital	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Special hospital	0.102b	0.366c	0.432c	0.187c	−0.0111	−0.012	0.333c
	(0.051)	(0.133)	(0.070)	(0.062)	(0.043)	(0.058)	(0.061)
Clinic & Community	−0.960c	−0.311	− 0.840c	−0.487c	− 0.456c	−0.758c	− 0.895c
	(0.095)	(0.247)	(0.130)	(0.116)	(0.081)	(0.107)	(0.114)
Pay-by-DRGs
Yes	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
No	−0.159c	0.0548	−0.149a	−0.309c	− 0.220c	−0.227c	− 0.266c
	(0.061)	(0.158)	(0.083)	(0.074)	(0.051)	(0.069)	(0.073)
cons	5.230c	3.515c	4.066c	5.197c	5.330c	5.467c	6.438c
	(0.088)	(0.204)	(0.104)	(0.153)	(0.102)	(0.143)	(0.217)
No.Obs	5442	5442	5442	5442	5442	5442	5442
R2	0.299

Note: as TTC was abnormal distribution, ln TTC was used to make the variable normalized

Standard errors in parentheses

^a Significant at the 90% level., ^b Significant at the 95% level, ^c Significant at the 99% level