Figure 3.

Results of the Cox proportional hazards regression models to evaluate the association between obstructive sleep apnea symptom subtypes and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure (HF), stroke, and death from CVD. The sample consisted of individuals without the corresponding outcome at the Sleep Heart Health Study baseline visit. Adjusted models included age, sex, body mass index, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, high-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, apnea–hypopnea index, alcohol use, smoking status, race, ethnicity, and use of lipid-lowering medication as covariates. Pairwise comparisons are performed using each subtype as the reference group. The hazard ratio represented in the x-axis is shown in the log scale. More detailed results are presented in Table 2. The excessively sleepy subtype is the only subtype at increased risk for incident CVD, CHD, and HF. CI = confidence interval; Cox PH = Cox proportional hazards; HR = hazard ratio.