Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics of the study population
| Variables | Controls (n = 43) |
OSA | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| non-CAD (n = 117) | CAD (n = 68) | P value | ||
| Male, n (%) | 29 (67.44%) | 97 (82.91%) | 61 (89.70%) | 0.207 |
| Ages (years) | 48.4 ± 16.1 | 45.6 ± 11.7 | 56.3 ± 9.9 | <0.001** |
| Smoke, n (%) | 14 (32.56%) | 39 (33.30%) | 47 (69.12%) | <0.001** |
| Alcohol, n (%) | 6 (13.93%) | 28 (23.93%) | 39 (57.35%) | <0.001** |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.77 ± 3.78 | 27.83 ± 4.51 | 27.06 ± 3.27 | 0.184 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 120 (110–129) | 128 (120–136) | 123 (118–132.5) | 0.115 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 74 (69–80) | 81 (74–90) | 76.5 (70–89) | 0.001* |
| TC (mmol/l) | 4.73 ± 1.06 | 5.09 (4.40–5.95) | 4.16 (3.47–4.95) | <0.001** |
| TG (mmol/l) | 1.47 (0.99–2.16) | 1.54 (1.11–2.10) | 1.40 (1.06–1.73) | 0.132 |
| HDL-C (mmol/l) | 1.23 (1.08–1.50) | 1.20 (1.00–1.38) | 1.06 (0.87–1.20) | 0.029* |
| LDL-C (mmol/l) | 2.72 ± 1.08 | 3.27 ± 0.96 | 2.53 ± 0.88 | <0.001** |
| FBG (mmol/l) | 5.13 ± 1.30 | 5.60 ± 1.63 | 5.94 ± 1.64 | 0.088 |
| ALT (mmol/l) | 20 (13–27) | 24.50 (16–37) | 27 (22–37) | 0.144 |
| AST (mmol/l) | 20.49 ± 4.98 | 24.39 ± 12.26 | 27.26 ± 12.42 | 0.053 |
| Creatinine (mmol/l) | 61 (54.1–74.6) | 70.65 (60.2–79.05) | 67.55 (60.28–79.08) | 0.656 |
| Uric acid (mmol/l) | 331.30 ± 79.64 | 408.27 ± 100.13 | 370.34 ± 90.33 | 0.012* |
| Homocysteine (umol/l) | 9.9 (8.5–15.0) | 11.55 (9.10–15.05) | 11.8 (9.45–16.10) | 0.547 |
| CRP (mg/l) | 0.82 (0.27–2.12) | 1.58 (0.75–2.97) | 1.32 (0.5–3.95) | 0.389 |
| ESM-1(pg/ml) | 304.24 (114.48–628.32) | 585.46 (423.61–812.56) | 1279.01 (918.52–1770.71) | < 0.001** |
| AHI | 2.80 (1.6–3.70) | 37.5 (20.5–60.4) | 31.05 (21.88–45.70) | < 0.001** |
| LSaO2(%) | 92 (91–93) | 80 (68.5–86) | 85 (75.5–88) | < 0.001** |
| MSaO2(%) | 97 (95.8–97.07) | 96 (95.2–97) | 93 (93–95) | 0.062 |
| ODI | 1.50 (0–2.65) | 9.3 (2.38–91.8) | 36.1 (26.35–54.25) | < 0.001** |
| Longest apnea time(s) | 23.00 (0–39.00) | 36.2 (24.5–76.75) | 76 (41.5–107) | < 0.001** |
| MAD(s) | 24 (18.75–27) | 27 (19–35.9) | 27 (22.95–31.85) | < 0.001** |
| CT90(%) | 0 (0–0.10) | 5.8 (0.5–26.5) | 14.5 (0.8–34.3) | < 0.001** |
| Arl | 10.65 (4.58–15.8) | 29.9 (18.3–46.5) | 35.6 (22.4–48.5) | < 0.001** |
| ESS | 7 (4–10) | 12 (8–15) | 8 (4–11) | 0.003* |
| cIMT (mm) | 0.95 ± 0.21 | 1.17 ± 0.27 | 1.32 ± 0.34 | 0.023* |
Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, median (interquartile range) or n (%). Differences between non-CAD group and CAD group were analyzed by the independent Student t test, χ2 text, or Wilcoxon test
BMI Body mass index, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, TC Total cholesterol, TG Triglyceride, HDL-C High density lipoprotein, LDL-C Low density lipoprotein, FBG Fasting blood glucose, ALT Alanine aminotransferase, AST Aspartate aminotransferase, CRP C reactive protein, AHI Apnea-hypopnea index, LSaO2 Lowest oxygen saturation, MSaO2 Mean oxygen saturation, ODI Oxygen desaturation index, MAD Mean apnea–hypopnea duration, CT90 Percentage of cumulative time with oxygen saturation below 90%, ArI Arousal index, ESS Epworth sleepiness scale
* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.001